26.At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

【词汇突破】institute 机构

substantial 实际的

bombard不断攻击;向...连续提出问题

lengthy冗长

【主干识别】the American Law Institute issued new guidelines

【其他成分】a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight同位语;for tort law定语修饰new guidelines;stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定语修饰new guidelines。

【微观解析】companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones;动词为warn 和bombard并列; warn sb of sth ; bombard sb with sth.。

【难点揭秘】同位语有一个隔离现象产生;stating+ that +句子其中出现两个并列的动词;

【译文赏析】与此同时，美国法律协会，由一群法官、律师和专家学者组成的组织，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。

27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

【词汇突破】manipulation 操纵

detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的

【主干识别】manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主谓宾结构

【其他成分】Such large, impersonal，of capital and industry定语修饰manipulation;as a class 定语修饰shareholder;an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整个是shareholder 的同位语。

【微观解析】in national life，representing irresponsible wealth，detached from the land and the duties of the landowners，and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定语修饰an element。

【难点揭秘】同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。

【译文赏析】这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。

28.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.

【词汇突破】analytical 解析

verbal 文字的

components 成分

【主干识别】Sternberg notes that+宾语从句

【其他成分】traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 宾语从句;并列的动词best assess 和 fail to measure;components also critical to problem solving and life success 为creativity and practical knowledge的同位语; critical to problem solving and life success为形容词短语修饰components。

【难点揭秘】同位语中加上了由形容词短语充当的后置定语加大了阅读难度。

【译文赏析】斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际才能，而这些都是对于解决问题和成功人生而言极其重要的因素。

【翻译点拨】后置定语前置，同位语单独成句。

29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.

【词汇突破】critical 重要的，

concerning 关于

【主干识别】and连接两个完整的并列句。第一个句子主干为： science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.第二个句子主干为：it is critical that +主语从句。

【其他成分】our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions主语从句

【微观解析】由于表语是critical表示重要性，在从句中用了“shoud +动词原型”的虚拟语气动词形式，should 被省略了;that science can provide定语从句修饰judgment;concerning the future consequences of present actions.现在分词短语也是在修饰judgment。

【难点揭秘】出现多个后置定语造成翻译的障碍。

【译文赏析】但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好的指导，对于现在的行为之于未来的结果，科学能提供最好的评判，我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。

【翻译点拨】后半句翻译的过程中最大的问题就是如何处理多个后置定语，这里可以采取倒序的方法进行翻译，在行文的过程中用代词来进行连接;先说：best judgments concerning the future consequences of present actions.关于现在的行为之余未来的结果的最好判断(the future consequences of present actions.)再说science can provide科学能提供，这样前两句合并后变为：对于现在的行为之于未来的结果(定语变为中文中的状语)，科学能提供最好的判断。最后译前半段：我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上，这一点非常重要。

30. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.

【词汇突破】lest 以免，以防 (后面所接从句需要使用should+动词原型的虚拟语气)

acquire 获得

deceptive 欺骗性的

【主干识别】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor 加情态动词的主系表结构。

【其他成分】 lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.

状语从句。

【微观解析】lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth， 状语从句中出现并列动词go and acquire，其中 go 为系动词，并且省略的should; go unchallenged 意思为：不被质疑。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是虚拟语气的识别和并列动词的识别，是为了讲解虚拟语气而列的一个句子。

【译文赏析】他们应该迅速回复给编辑的来信(读者来信)，以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑(大行其道)、并且披上貌似真理的骗人外衣。

【翻译点拨】对于给编辑的来信，错误信息不受质疑我们都可以采取正话反说的方法来进行翻译。