In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the 1 half of the 19th century; most of 2 were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S., the day nursery movement received great 3 during the First World War, when 4 of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established 5 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship. 6 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 7 , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 8 , Federal State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 9 the day nurseries, chiefly by 10 them.

The 11 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were 12 called up on to replace men in the factories. On this 13 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 14 $ 6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities 15 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared 16 in daycare centers receiving Federal 17 .Soon afterward, the Federal government 18 cut clown its expenditures for this purpose and later 19 them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their 20 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled。

1.[A] latter [B] late [C] other [D] first

2. [A] those [B] them [C] whose [D] whom

3. [A] impetus [B] input [C] imitation [D] initiative

4. [A]sources [B] abundance [C] shortage [D] reduction

5. [A]hardly [B] entirely [C] only [D] even

6. [A] Because [B] As [C] Since [D] Although

7. [A] unanimously [B] sharply [C] predominantly [D] militantly

8. [A] therefore [B] consequently [C] however [D] moreover

9. [A] over [B] in [C] at [D] about

10. [A] formulating [B] labeling [C] patenting [D] licensing

11. [A] outset [B] outbreak [C] breakthrough [D] breakdown

12. [A] again [B] thus [C] repeatedly [D] yet

13. [A] circumstance [B] occasion [C] case [D] situation

14. [A] regulating [B] summoning [C] allocating [D] transferring

15. [A] expanded [B] facilitated [C] supplemented [D] compensated

16. [A] by [B] after [C] of [D] for

17. [A] pensions [B] subsidies [C] revenues [D] budgets

18. [A] prevalently [B] furiously [C] statistically [D] drastically

19. [A] abolished [B] diminished [C] jeopardized [D] precluded

20. [A] nurseries [B] homes [C] jobs [D] children

答案解析

1-2.[A]和[B]。文意：美国第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立足在19世纪的后期;其中大部分都是慈善事业。两题均为语义关系型。the latter half为后半期。half只能和latter搭配，根据上下文判断就可以了。另外most of后面要用人称代词。

3.[A]。语义关系型。[A] impetus(推动，促进);[B] in put(输入)：[C] imitation(模仿);[D] initiative(主动权)。

4.[C]。语义关系型。[A ] sources(来源)：[D] abundance(丰富：充裕);[C] shortage(短缺);[D] reduction(减少)。3—4题的文意：第一次世界大战对建立日托所的运动是个促进，当时劳动力短缺使得大量妇女就业。

5.[D]。文意：在一些欧洲国家的政府直接倡导下，甚至在军火工厂里也建了日托所。本题也属于语义关系型。

6.[D]。语篇关系。分析全句，这是一个让步状语从句，故应用连词although。

7.[B]。语义关系。[A] unanimously (全体一致地，无异议地);[B] sharply(急剧地);[C] predominantly(主要地：支配其他地);[D] militantly(好战地，激进地)。修饰动词rose的副词，四个 选项中只有sharply(急剧地)合适。6—7题的文意：尽管在美国托儿所的数目急剧增长，但并未得到政府的任何资助。

8.[C]。语篇关系型。本句在语气上是转折的，要选副词however。

9.[A]。结构搭配型。control与over搭配，而其它选项的语义不合题意。

10.[A]。语义关系型。[A] formulating (规范)：[B] labeling (贴标签于：分类);[C] patenting (取得专利权)：[D] licensing (许可：特许)。根据句意“通过规范(formulate)来管理”，因此答案为[A]。8—10题的文意：然而在第一次世界大战之后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施，主要通过规范化来管理控制托儿所。

11.[B]。词汇辨析型的近形异义类。[A] outset(开端，开始)：[B] outbreak(爆发)：[C] breakthrough (突破)：[D] breakdown (崩溃;故障)。根据文意，应是“The out break of the Second World War"。

12.[A]。语篇关系型。与第一次世界大战的情况相呼应，所以要填[A] again(再次)。11—12题的文意：随着第二次世界大战爆发，几乎各国托儿所的数量都增加很快，妇女又一次被号召在工厂中代替男人。

13.[B]。结构搭配型。选项中的四个名词，只有occasion可以与介词on搭配，其意义也与句意相吻合。

14.[C]。语义关系型。[A] regulate(管制：调节);[B] summon(召集：召唤);[C] allocate (分派，分配);[D] transfer(转移，调动)，根据句意“拨款(allocate)600万美元”，[C]正确。13—14题的文意：这次，美国政府立即支持保育员学校，于1942年7月拨款600万美元。

15.[C]。文意：许多州和地方团体对联邦政府资助进行补充。[A] expanded(膨胀：扩充);[B] facilitated(使容易：使便利)：[C] supplemented(补充)：[D]compensated(补偿;偿还)。

16.[D]。结构搭配型。动词care要与介词for搭配，表示“照料”的意思。

17.[B]。词汇辨析型， 义近型分类。[A] pensions(养老金;退休金);[B] subsidies(补助金：津贴)：[C]revenues(国家的收入;税收)：[D] budgets(预算)。16—17题的文意：一百多万儿童在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里受到照顾。

18.[D]。语义关系型。[A] prevalently(普遍地;流行地)： [B] furiously(狂暴地;猛烈地)：[C] statistically(统计上地);[D] drastically(激烈地;彻底地)。只有[D] drastically(激烈地;彻底地)是正确的。

19.[A]。语义关系型。[A] abolished (废除)：[B]diminished(使减少，变小);[C] jeopardized(危害)：[D] precluded(排除)。与前一句相呼应，前面说“大幅度地削减”，后来，自然是“废止(abolished)”。18—19题的文意：联邦政府大幅度地削减这项支出，并在后来将其废止。

20.[C]。语义关系型。文意：然而，让大多数被雇佣的母亲离开她们的工作，这一愿望在战后只部分地得到实现。