Vegan and Vegetarian Diets May Increase Risk of Stroke, Experts Say

　　专家称，纯素食主义和素食主义饮食可能会增加中风的风险

　　Vegan and vegetarian diets are linked to a lower risk of heart disease, but may increase the risk of stroke, a new study suggests.

　　一项新的研究表明，纯素食主义者和素食主义者的饮食习惯可以降低患心脏病的风险，但同时可能会增加中风的风险。

　　People who follow plant-based diets have a 22% lower risk of heart disease than meat eaters, researchers from the University of Oxford found, while pescatarians have 13% reduced risk of heart disease.

　　牛津大学的研究人员发现，素食主义者比荤食主义者患心脏病的风险低22%，而鱼素者比荤食主义者患心脏病的风险低13％。

　　However, the study suggests vegetarians and vegans are a fifth more likely to suffer a stroke than meat eaters.

　　然而，研究表明，素食主义者和纯素食主义者中风的几率比荤食主义者高五分之一。

　　The authors of the study, who looked at 48,188 people with no history of heart disease or stroke, suggested this heightened risk may be partly due to a lack of vitamins such as B12 or vitamin D, in the plant-based diet.

　　在对48,188名无心脏病或中风患病史的人群进行研究后，这项研究的作者认为，这可能是由于素食饮食习惯中缺乏维生素B12或维生素D等维生素所导致的。

　　The study, which was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), looked at three groups of people: meat eaters (24,428 people), pescatarians (7,506 people), and vegetarians and vegans (16,254 people).

　　这项研究发表于《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)上，研究对三组人群进行了观察：荤食主义者（24,428人），鱼素主义者（7,506人），纯素食主义者（16,254人）。

　　They were followed over a period of 18 years and their health was checked. During this time, there were 2,820 cases of ischaemic heart disease recorded – which is when your coronary arteries become narrowed by a build-up of fatty material within their walls – and 1,072 cases of stroke among the overall group.

　　研究人员对他们进行了18年的跟踪调查，并对他们的健康状况进行了检查。在这段时间里，记录在案的共有2,820例缺血性心脏病（由脂肪在血管壁上的堆积使冠动脉变窄而引发的疾病）和1072例中风。

　　After adjusting for factors that might influence the results, researchers found fish eaters had a 13% reduced risk of heart disease than meat eaters, while vegetarians and vegans had a 22% lower risk. This was equivalent to 10 fewer cases of ischaemic heart disease in vegetarians and vegans than in meat eaters per 1,000 people over 10 years.

　　在控制了可能会影响实验结果的额外变量之后，研究人员发现鱼素主义者患心脏病的风险比荤食主义者低13%，比纯素食主义低22%。这相当于在过去的十年里，每1000人中，素食主义者和纯素食主义者比荤食主义者患缺血性心脏病的人数少了10人。

　　The authors partly attributed this to lower body mass index and lower rates of high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes with these diets.

　　作者将部分原因归于素食主义者的食谱所带来的更低的体重指数以及更低的患高血压、高胆固醇和糖尿病的概率。

　　But the researchers also found vegetarians and vegans had a 20% higher rate of stroke compared to meat eaters, which is equivalent to three more cases of stroke per 1,000 people over 10 years. This was mostly due to a higher rate of haemorrhagic stroke – the type caused by bleeding in or around the brain.

　　但研究人员也发现，素食主义者和纯素食主义者中风的概率比荤食主义者高出20%，这相当于10年里每1000人中，素食主义者比荤食主义者多出3个以上的中风病例。这主要是由于脑部或周围出血所引发的出血性中风的发生率较高。

　　The team said the increased risk of stroke could be down to lower levels of vitamins among the vegetarians and vegans in the study, but cautioned that further investigation was needed.

　　研究小组说，中风风险的增加可能是由于研究中的素食主义者和纯素食主义者体内的维生素含量较低，但他们表示，这还需要进一步的研究。

　　(全文共378个词)

　　重难点词汇：

　　pescatarian  n. 鱼素者

　　equivalent   adj. 相等的；等价的；等效的；等量的；同意义的 n. 对等的人；当量

　　attribute  n. 属性；特质 vt. 归属；把…归于