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2002年1月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案解析C

考研英语  时间: 2019-04-08 14:11:30  作者: 匿名 

  For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) School of Gerontology (老年学). 
  Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,” one professor says. 
  Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria.” So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she lied it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.” 

  31. “... Old is suddenly in” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means “________”. 
  A) America has suddenly become a nation of old people 
  B) gerontology has suddenly become popular 
  C) more elderly professors are found on American campuses 
  D) American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students

  32. With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit ________. 
  A) from the adoption of the “elder law” 
  B) from rendering special services to the elderly 
  C) by enriching their professional knowledge 
  D) by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests 

  33. Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market? 
  A) Retirees are more generous in spending money. 
  B) They can employ more gerontologists. 
  C) The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power. 
  D) There are more elderly people working than before.

  34. Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage? 
  A) Retirees who are business-minded. 
  B) The volunteer workers in retirement homes. 
  C) College graduates with an MBA or law degree. 
  D) Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology. 

  35. It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’s elderly population ________. 
  A) will provide good job opportunities in many areas 
  B) will impose an unbearable burden on society 
  C) may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination 
  D) will create new fields of study in universities 

  这篇材料讲的是美国大学老年学专业的兴起。第一大段主要论述老龄化现象与老年学专业流行的关系。第二段具体论述老年学专业的学生如何受益于老龄化现象。最后一段是一个具体的例子。 
  第一段开头先是指出与老龄有关的专业受到越来越多学生的青睐,而后言简意赅地给出了原因:人口老龄带来了职业机遇(the graying of America means jobs)。作者从头讲起,称人口老龄化现象不可避免。随着生育高峰一代的老去,在之后的50年间,美国的老年人口将会大幅度增加。到2050年,25%的人口将会超过65岁,而1995年只有14%(25percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995)。人口老龄化在普通人看来一般意味着社会问题,作者也指出了这一点(The change poses profound questions forgovernment and society),但随后就抛出自己的独特观点:老龄化也会给某些领域带来职业机遇。某位老年学教授也称,老年人不仅需要医生,也需要更多的社会学家、生物学家等等等等。 
  比如,律师们可以专攻“老年法律”,其受诉范围从信托、不动产到疗养院虐待、年龄歧视(Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” whichcovers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and agediscrimination),可以说十分广阔。商人们则在老年人市场看到了巨大的商业机遇,因为生育高峰一代足有7400万人,而且很有可能是人类历史上最富有的退休老人群体。老龄化给这些领域带来了职业机遇,学生们自然会对老年学趋之若鹜。作者援引老年学教授的话说,一位MBA或者法律专业的毕业生,如果具备了老年学专业知识,那就将获得源源不断的财富。 
  作者在最后一段举了一个学生的例子。Santos曾是生物专业的学生,但与细菌打交道让她感到厌倦(Shebegan college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria)。在听了一堂老年学专业的课以后,她发现那才是她喜欢的。她说,她帮助退休老人做一些志愿工作,并对此感到十分满意。
 
  31. B 
  题目问Old is suddenly in是什么意思。 
  A,美国已经突然间变成了一个老年人的国家。 
  B,老年学突然变得流行起来。 
  C,更多的老年教授在美国大学里任教。 
  D,美国大学已经意识到招收年长学生的需要。 
  首先分析一下这个句子,old肯定不是指老年人,否则应该加上the,构成the old;另外要注意到old采用了首字母大写,可见是一个有特指的名词,观察四个选项,“老年学”是一个专有名词,可能性较大。句尾的in肯定不是作介 词,表示“在里面”的意思,否则in后面应该连接宾语。in的另外一个意思是Currently fashionable,“当前流行的”,可能性较大。 
  结合上下文可知,Old is suddenly in的原因是the graying ofAmerica means jobs,美国人的老去意味着工作机会,也就是说,因为美国人的老龄化带来了很多工作机遇,所以Old is suddenly in。把四个选项代入这个因果句,只有B最为合适,同时这个句子也是全文论述的核心。
 
  32. B 
  题目问随着美国人的老龄化,律师将会受益于…… 
  A,老年法的实行。 
  B,向老年人提供特别的法律服务。 
  C,扩大他们的专业知识。 
  D,赢得老年人的信任,去为他们谋取利益。 
  这道题问的完全是有关律师的,这样就可以缩小我们的观察范围。文中讲到律师一共两处,第一处是在第一段末,we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,意思是我们需要更多的特别律师。第二处是在第二段初,Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination,意思是律师可以专攻老年法律,这种法律涵盖从信托、房地产到疗养院虐待、年龄歧视等许多事务。从这两句话可以理出这样一个逻辑顺序:因为老年人的增多,各种与老年人相关的法律事务也相应增多,如果一个律师专攻老年学的话,他就可以向老年人提供范围相当广泛的法律服务。 
  四个选项中,B的意思与此最为接近。A的说法也有一定道理,但是深究起来,一个不能向老年人提供法律服务的律师(意即没有专攻老年学)是无法从中受益的。C和D可以轻易排除。 

  33. C 
  题目问商人为什么能够在逐渐壮大的老年市场上赚钱。 
  A,退休老人在花钱上更为大方。 
  B,他们可以雇佣更多的老年学家。 
  C,老年人具备很强的购买力。 
  D,现在工作的老年人比过去要多。 
  第二段在谈完律师之后,就开始描述商人的情形。Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history,理解了这句话,答案也就不难找到了。前半句的意思与题目一样,because引导的从句解释了商人何以赚钱的原因。美国历史上出现过一个生育人口猛增的时期,baby boomers指的就是这个时期出生的人;74 million strong,baby boomers足有七千四百万人多,这些人现在已经成为老年人,可见当今美国老年人人口之巨。are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history,意思是这些老年人很可能是人类历史上最富有的退休群体。这里说的是美国老年人有钱,是老年市场活跃的前提条件。 
  四个答案中,B和D可以首先排除。A和C较为符合句意,具体分析的话,文中只提到这批老年人非常有钱,而爱不爱花钱并没有说明,因此,只能说老年人的购买力强,而不能断定其喜欢花钱。所以应该选择C。 

  34. D 
  题目问根据这篇文章的说法,在新世纪什么样的人能够赚大钱。 
  A,具备商业头脑的退休老人。 
  B,退休家庭的志愿工作者。 
  C,具有MBA或法律文凭的大学毕业生。 
  D,通晓老年学的专业人士。 
  上一题考查了第二段的第二句,现在全文还剩下第二段第三句和最后一段没有考查。第二段第三句较难理解,出题可能性大。最后一段过于简单,不太可能在最后一道题中考查它的内容,而很可能会在最后一题考查对全篇的理解。 
  观察这道题的问句,与第二段第三句有一定联系,答案很可能出自这里。 
  Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money.这个句子的主语是student,后面是一个定语从句,把“学生”限定为“具有老年学的专业知识,同时又有MBA或法律学位的学生”。要注意 这里使用了say,意即MBA和法律学位只是例举而已,通指具有某些专业文凭的学生(当然是比较热门的专业)。谓语部分是will have,这没有理解问题。宾语是a license to print money,表面意思是印刷金钱的牌照,但一个学生怎么可能有印刷钱币的权力呢?这里运用了夸张的手法,言下之意是这样的学生赚的钱就像印钞机印出来的一 样多。这个意思和题目中的make big money是一致的,可见答案就在这句话当中——具有老年学的专业知识,同时具备热门专业的文凭。 
  A和B与此相去甚远,C缺少了老年学的专业知识。D较为合理,既提到老年学,又指出专业知识,四个选项只能选择D。不过,出题者如能在这个选项中特别交代D是某些热门领域的professionals,则会更为贴切,因为文中所例举的两个例子都是热门专业,即便不学老年学也是前途光明,作者只用了say表示例举,没有直接概括出是什么样的专业文凭,但其言下之意必是指热门专业。想想看,一个学了哲学或考古学同时具备老年学知识的professional,怎么可能赚钱犹如印钞机印钞呢? 

  35. A 
  题目问从文中可以看出,美国老年人口的增长会…… 
  A,为许多领域带来良好的工作机会。 
  B,为社会增添难以承受的负担。 
  C,可能会带来疗养院虐待和年龄歧视现象。 
  D,将会促使大学开创新的研究领域。 
  这种全篇理解题没有特别地针对哪一段,只能用排除法对各选项一个一个地排错。 
  A的说法可以在文中找到多处着落点,the graying of America means jobs(美国人的老去意味着工作机会),it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well(老龄化现象也为医疗职业、法律、商业领域创造了工作机会),因此A的说法是正确的。 
  与B相关的句子是The change poses profound questions for government and society,但profound是意义深远的意思,指解决难度大或牵扯面较广较深等,并不是说让社会无法承受。因此B不对。 
  与C相关的句子是Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,” which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and agediscrimination,这里是说如果律师精通老年学的话,就可以受理疗养院虐待和年龄歧视这样的案子。文章并没有说此类案子是随着老龄人口增多才出现的,而是在强调老年学知识对受理这类案子的重要性。 
  第一段有一句the University of Southern California’s (USC)School of Gerontology,这是某大学老年学学院的名字,从这里可以推断出老年学早已成为大学研究课题。D是错误的。

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