2002年1月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案解析B
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting. But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting, because they think it is brutal (残酷的), has risen sharply. Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation (冲突) between hunters and hunt saboteurs (阻拦者). Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell, which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labour Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
26. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A) for recreation
B) in the interests of the farmers
C) to limit the fox population
D) to show off their wealth
27. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A) It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B) It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C) The hunters have set rules to follow.
D) The hunters have to go through strict training.
28. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A) by resorting to violence
B) by confusing the fox hunters
C) by taking legal action
D) by demonstrating on the scene
29. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A) prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B) forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C) stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D) prevent large-scale fox hunting
30. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) killing foxes with poison is illegal
B) limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C) hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D) fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
这篇材料讲的是猎狐运动的兴衰。前三段可以看做是一个部分,主要论述猎狐运动的源起和特点。后两段的主要内容则是反猎狐运动的兴起。
开头从狐狸与农民的关系讲起,讲到狐狸自古就被认为是家畜杀手,从而被正式归为对人类有害的动物,农民们通过射杀和毒杀的方式不遗余力地减少狐狸的数量(farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them)。从这一段可以看到,狐狸因对人类有害而遭到灭杀,这可以说猎狐运动得以兴起的缘由之一。
第二段开始介绍猎狐运动的特点,而把这一内容与上文连接起来的就是第二段第一句话。猎狐,也就是一群经过特殊训练的狗在乡村追踪狐狸,骑马的男女跟在狗群的后面。狗群捉住狐狸以后便会把它们咬死,或由猎手用枪击毙(When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it)。
参与猎狐的人们把猎狐当作是一种运动,他们因此会身穿特殊的制服,红帽白裤,遵循严格的行为规则(follow strict codes of behavior)。而拥有马匹和定期打猎是很烧钱的,所以大多数猎手都是富翁。
第四段开始讲反对猎狐运动,讲到反对者的人数在过去二十年内猛增(the number of people opposed to fox hunting…… has risen sharply),反对的原因就是:残忍(because they think it isbrutal)。反对者与猎手的冲突几乎在每次猎狐运动中都会发生(it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind ofconfrontation),那么反对者通常会采取哪些行动呢?少数会升级为暴力事件,但多数情况下,反对者会采取误导骑手和祛除狐狸留下的气味等方式(misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell)。
这种冲突只不过是对正在进行的猎狐运动的阻挠,运动本身还是可以继续。然而近年来猎狐运动本身开始面临严重的威胁。最后一段讲到,工党某议员正在促使议会两院通过一项新的法律,宣布驱使猎狗猎杀野生动物为非法(trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal)。如果这项法律获得通过,那么像狐狸这样的野生动物在英国就将受到保护(wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain)。
26. A
题目问英国的富人进行猎狐运动的目的是什么。
A,为了消遣。第三段第一句话:People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport,这一句道出了参与猎狐的人对猎狐本身的看法——sport,一种运动。运动与竞技体育不同,其本身即是一种娱乐消遣。因此A的说法是对的。
B,为了保护农民的利益。看第二段第一句:Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population, 农民为了控制狐狸的数量,会召集当地的猎户去猎杀狐狸。这应该是猎狐运动的缘起,自此后,很多人就模仿猎户的行为,最终使猎狐成为一种运动。可以说,富人们参与猎狐纯粹是为了消遣,而不是为了农民的利益。二者之间的联系仅仅是:农民为了自己的利益召集猎人猎狐,富人模仿猎狐者,使猎狐本身成为一种富人自己 的消遣运动。
C,为了限制狐狸的数量。限制狐狸的数量符合农民的利益,与富人无关。
D,为了显示他们的富有。这个选项与But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy一句有关。此句意思比较易懂:拥有马匹和定期狩猎是相当费钱的,因此大多数猎手都是有钱人。这里仅仅说明参与猎狐的条件之一:有钱;不能从中推导出猎狐是为了炫富。
27. C
题目问英国猎狐的特别之处是什么。
A,会使用一种致命毒药。这一说法在文中确实提到了:farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them,农民们为了减少狐狸的数量会采用射杀或毒杀等等手段。需要注意的是农民的自发行为并不是狩猎运动,而是一种自卫行为,它与为了生计(猎户)和为了消遣(富人)的猎杀行为是不一样的。因此,严格的说,A的说法指的并不是猎狐运动,不符合题意。
B,这是一种花销昂贵的运动,较少发生。“花销昂贵”在文中可以找到相应的注脚:owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive;但注意这里的一个单词——regularly,“定期的”,既然是定期举行,显然不是rarely了,B错误。
C,猎手们制定了需要遵守的规则。这句话也可以在文中找到相应的内容:follow strict codes of behavior;Codes of behavior,是行为规范的意思,也就是C所说的规则。C是对的。
D,猎手必须经过严格的训练。这句话来源于follow strict codes of behavior,是在考查对code的理解。Code有密码的意思,另有“法规”之意。可见这里没有“训练”的意思。
28. B
题目问反对猎狐者经常通过什么方式干预猎狐运动。
A,诉诸暴力。
B,扰乱猎狐者。
C,采取法律行动。
D,在猎狐现场示威。
文章讲到反对猎狐者干预猎狐运动是在最后两段,而通过什么具体方式干预猎狐则是倒数第二段的内容。这一段大致讲到了三种方式,一是violence,二是misleading riders,三是disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell。根据文中交代,violence的发生频率是sometimes(有时),而后二者是mostly(大部分)。题目问的often(经常),那么显然应该指的是后二者。B与第二项意思一致,应该选择B。
29. B
题目问英国议会可能会通过一项新法律,这项法律……
A,禁止农民猎狐。
B,禁止使用猎犬猎狐。
C,禁止在乡村猎杀野生动物。
D,防止大规模的猎狐运动。
文章提到英国议会可能通过与猎狐有关的法律是在最后一段的后半部分:Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain,从这里可以看出,出台这项法律的目的是要make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal——使“驱狗猎杀野生动物”变为非法。这里有两个限定条件,一,猎杀对象是野生动物;二,猎杀方式是驱狗猎杀。四个选项中,A和D没有涉及这两条,可以排除。B涉及狩猎方式和对象,方式是驱狗狩猎,对象是狐狸。狩猎方式与文中的限定条件一致,狐狸属于野生动物,也符合对象条件,因此B是正确的。C则缺少了驱狗狩猎这一狩猎方式,是不对的。
30. C
题目问从文章中可以推断出什么。
A,毒杀狐狸是非法的。文中讲到毒杀只有一处,farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them。这是在讲述猎狐运动的缘起时提到的,文章没有介绍毒杀行为是否违法,也无从推断出这个结论。
B,限制狐狸数量是没有必要的。第二段讲到Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population,意思是农民们召集猎手来限制狐狸的数量,其原因是狐狸伤害家畜。从这个意义上说,限制狐狸数量有一定必要性。当然,这个推理也许有些牵强,但按照B的说法,推理出限制狐狸数量没有必要就是完全无中生有了。
C,驱狗猎杀狐狸被认为是残忍和暴力的。反对猎狐者认为猎狐是brutal(残忍的),驱狗猎狐属于猎狐的一种,当然也是残忍的,所以这个选项的说法正确。
D,猎狐经常会引发穷人与富人之间的冲突。文中倒数第二段提到了confrontation,冲突双方也交代得很清楚:between hunters and huntsaboteurs,猎手与反对猎杀者。根据文意,猎手一般属于富人;但反对猎杀者是否代表穷人呢?答案是不一定。所以D的说法不正确。
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