There will betelevision chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors tha twill disable them when they offend.

译文：

将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，还会出现带有污染监控器的小汽车;当小汽车排污超标的时候，污染监控器将会使小汽车停止行驶。

或者：

电视谈话节目将会由机器人来主持，小汽车也会装上污染监控器;一旦小汽车排污超标，污染监控器将会使其停止行驶。

词汇记忆要点：

host

robot

monitor (v. n.)

offend

结构和汉译逻辑记忆要点：

there be句型，一般用“有”来翻译。

注意hosted by…和with pollution monitors都是短语作定语，修饰前面的中心词。

by可以翻译为“由”。

offend本义叫“冒犯，伤害”，这里指“冒犯污染监控器”，引申为排污超标。它其实也有“违反”的意思。

they和them第三人称代词，要指代明确。

Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and Crespectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnamesin the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.

词汇：

respectively //adv. 各自地，分别地，轮流地

predecessor //n. 前任者

结构：

Thus the American president andvice-president have surnames(第一个并列句的主干)//startingwith B and C respectively(starting分词短语作定语); //and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors(including his father) had surnames (第二个并列句的主干)//in the first half of the alphabet againstjust 16 in the second half(in the first half…介词短语作定语，其中against这个介词后面有省略，补充完整是against just 16 ofGeorge Bush’s predecessors had surnames in the second half).

译文：

美国的总统和副总统的姓氏首字母分别是B和C;乔治·布什的前任中(包括他的父亲)有26个人的姓氏首字母排在字母表前半部分，而只有16个在后半部分。