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2005年1月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案解析A

考研英语  时间: 2019-04-08 14:11:31  作者: 匿名 

  Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (流感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts. 
  The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come. 
  The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA. 
  But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for. 
  Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms. 
  The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms. 
  Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综合症),a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system. 
  There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one. 

  11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________. 
  A) shorten the duration of the illness 
  B) the patient buy medicine over the counter 
  C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs 
  D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu

  12. We learn from the passage that ________. 
  A) one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu 
  B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu 
  C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system 
  D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu
 
  13. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ________. 
  A) one should identify the virus which causes it 
  B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible 
  C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease 
  D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading
 
  14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold? 
  A) A stuffy nose. 
  B) A high temperature. 
  C) A sore throat. 
  D) A dry cough.

  15. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ________. 
  A) are advised not to give them aspirin 
  B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome 
  C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination 
  D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever
 
  这篇文章讲的是应该如何区别对待感冒和流感。因为文章旨在向普通民众传播医疗知识,所以遣词造句较为简易,结构清晰易辨,理解的难度不大。 
  文章开篇指出两点,一是感冒与流感有很多相似的症状(Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery),二是应当学会区分感冒和流感(may make a difference)。这两点也是文章所述内容的纲领,后者是论述的侧重点。 
  第二段引用医疗权威ALA的指导原则,指出区分普通感冒与流感的原因所在:辨别出是哪种疾病后可以立即进行相应的治疗。对于流感来说,要马上把医生的药方付诸实施(prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon);对感冒来说,则要立即服用非处方药(starts taking over-the-counter remedy)。 
  接下来的几段从致病成因、预防手段、症状等方面介绍了感冒与流感的区别。 
  第三段讲述了二者的致病因素,感冒源于二百多种病毒,而流感源于三种病毒。作者附带讲到流感的预防方法:接种疫苗(the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine)。而普通感冒的预防方法则跳到了最后一段:frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact,勤洗手,不与感冒病人密切接触。 
  四、五、六段介绍了感冒与流感在症状上的区别。第四段只起了承上启下的作用,第五段详细讲解了二者的区别。第六段则指出一个特例:婴幼儿和学龄前儿童的流感症状不易辨认。 
  第七段讲的是治疗方法,着重说明了治疗禁忌:少年儿童不宜服用阿司匹林(should not take aspirin for pain relief)。
 
  11. A 
  这道题问根据作者的说法,了解病痛的成因将会有助于什么。 
  A,有助于缩短病情延续的时间。 
  B,有助于病人购买非处方药。 
  C,有助于病人获得更为便宜的处方药。 
  D,有助于预防感冒和流感。 
  题目中的关键信息是cause和help,第一题的答案无疑应该去第一段寻找,但鉴于第一段比较短,可能需要查看第二段的内容。 
  第一段只有一句话,可以发现有but一词,可以判断but前后各为一个完整的句子,二者关系为转折。后半句中出现了cause一词,要着重理解这半句话的意思。Being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts,这句话的主语是Being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu:如能知道引发病痛的是感冒还是流感;may make a difference in how long the misery lasts, 可能会使病痛持续的时间长短有所不同。使病痛持续时间长短有所不同,到底是指变长还是变短呢?很可能是变短。再看第二段。第二段分别为感冒和流感举例,指 出及时了解这两种病痛成因后,可以及早获得医生的处方或及早去购买非处方药。两种情况的结果是一样的:及早采取正确的治疗方法、及早恢复健康(the sooner relief will come)。 
  第二段澄清了第一段中的含糊说法,make a difference in how long the misery lasts变为了the sooner relief will come,A的说法与此一致。
 
  12. D 
  题目问我们能从文章中获知什么。 
  A,一个人如果患上感冒或流感,不需要吃药。 
  B,阿司匹林不应作为治疗流感的非处方药。 
  C,延误流感治疗会损害肝脏和中枢神经系统。 
  D,非处方药可以用来缓解由感冒或流感引起的病痛。 
  首先看到这是一道推理题,推理题的一般方法是排除法,了解各个选项的内容后,到文中去寻找相关的句子,判断选项的说法是否正确。 
  A的说法在文中找不到,不过有内容可以否定它的说法:第二段第二句话明确说到,如果一个人患上流感应该尽早服用医生的处方药。 
  和B有关的内容在倒数第二段。这一段首先指出流感和感冒都可以由非处方药来缓解其症状(can be eased with over-the-counter medications),而后又补充说明少年儿童不应服用阿司匹林。首先可以判断阿司匹林属于非处方药,其次可以推理出不是少年儿童的人们可以服用阿司匹林来治疗感冒或流感。所以B不对。 
  C的说法也和倒数第二段有关。第二段第二句提到少年儿童服用阿司匹林会引发一种疾病:Reye syndrome。这种疾病的特点是a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system。可见对肝脏和中枢神经系统的损害是由服用阿司匹林引起的,而不是延误治疗引起的。 
  D的说法恰好符合倒数第二段第一句话表达的意思。
 
  13. C 
  题目问根据文中所述,要想有效对抗流感,应该…… 
  A,首先确定是由哪种病毒引起的。 
  B,应该尽快咨询医生。 
  C,感染流感后应该立即服药。 
  D,流感传播期间,应该保持警惕。 
  四个选项在文章中都可以找到相关的内容。 
  A,文中第二段第一句话指出要对抗感冒和流感,其中关键一点是能够迅速把二者区分开来。而后第三段分析了导致流感和感冒的病毒的不同之处,这也是A说法的着落点。但根据第四段的描述可以知道,通常辨别流感和感冒的方法不是通过病毒,而是从症状上进行区分。所以A的说法不对。 
  第二段第二句话说明了为什么需要迅速把感冒和流感区分开来——因为患上流感后需要立即服用处方药,这是C说法的着落点。另外,处方药必然是由医生开出的,要想立即服用处方药,必须首先咨询医生,这勉强算是B说法的一个着落点。但这一说法没有在文中直接给出,而C是直接给出的,所以相对来说,C比B更接近答案。另外从逻辑角度分析,能够直接对抗疾病的应该是药物,而不是咨询医生,在咨询医生后,也最终要落实到服药上来。 
  另外B说法的一个比较明显的着落点是在倒数第三段:It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms,这里的意思是说,在不能判断孩子的症状为流感还是感冒时,应该向医生咨询。可见咨询医生的目的是分辨流感和感冒,和有效对抗流感尚有一 段距离,至少不如服药更为合适。 
  最后一段讲到预防感冒的好方法是勤洗手和不与病人密切接触,这应该是D所谓的remain alert的实际做法。但这种方法是用来预防感冒,而不是流感。所以D不对。
 
  14. B 
  题目问下列哪种症状可以区分流感和感冒。 
  A,鼻塞。 
  B,高烧。 
  C,喉咙酸痛。 
  D,干咳。 
  对流感和感冒症状的分析是在第五段。第一句话首先介绍了感冒的症状,其中包括鼻塞、流鼻涕、喉咙痒等等,而后指出感冒症状中通常没有发烧(do not get a fever)。第二句话指出流感的典型特点之一是发烧(fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu)。从一二句的对比可以看出,发烧与否是区别流感和感冒的关键因素。本题选择B。
 
  15. A 
  题目问儿童出现了疑似流感的症状,父母们如何如何。 
  A,建议不要给孩子服用阿司匹林。 
  B,应该注意观察有没有Reye综合症的迹象。 
  C,鼓励父母们带孩子去医院接受疫苗注射。 
  D,应该防止使他们和发烧人群接触。 
  这道题出现了一条关键信息,也就是children。文章提到children是在倒数第二、三段,倒数第三段讲到儿童症状不易区分是感冒和流感,应该向医生咨询。倒数第二段讲到儿童不应服用阿司匹林来缓解感冒或流感症状,否则会导致Reye综合症。 
  A的说法符合倒数第二段的内容,是正确的。 
  B提到了Reye综合症,但理解children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrom这句话后,可以明白这种综合症是服用阿司匹林的后果,父母们要注意的是不给孩子服用阿司匹林,而不是等着去观察综合症的症状。 
  至于C,文章第三段提到了疫苗:the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine。从这句话可知疫苗是用来预防(prevented)流感的,而题目所要求的是儿童出现了症状以后如何如何,所以C的说法和题意不符。 
  D所称的“和发烧人群接触”应该和最后一段的内容有关,如最后一段提到的avoiding close contact with people who have colds。不过这一段开头一句已经说明本段讨论的感冒问题,而不是流感,所以不符合题意。

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