1. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】战后婴儿出生高峰期的到来以及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场，限制了青少年的发展机遇，这些青少年已经开始质疑在进好学校，找好工作，攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所付出的的沉重个人牺牲是否值得。

　　【析句】本句较长，但结构并不十分复杂。句子的主干是The coming of age...and an entry of women... have limited the opportunities of teenagers. 后有who引导的定语从句who are...sacrifices,修饰teenagers；同时，定语从句中又包含过去分词引导的从句involved in ...相当于which were involved...。

　　2. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents." (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】去年，时任教育大臣的Mitsuo Setoyama就提出责难，他认为二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本尊敬父母的道德观”。

　　【析句】本文的主干是Mituso Setoyama raised eyebrows when he argued...。其中，主句中，有who引导的定语从句，修饰Mitsuo Setoyama,点明人物身份；从句是when引导的时间状语从句，argue后that引导宾语从句，introduced by...WW II是liberal reforms的定语。修饰成分再多再长，只要找准主干再层层分析，问题就迎刃而解。

　　3. With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. (2000. 阅读. Text D)

　　【译文】随着经济的发展，居住集中化也随之而来，在日本1亿1900万人当中，足有76%住在城市，在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门单户的两代之家。

　　【析句】注意第一句话后的标点符号为分号，说明这是完整的句子，而不是with 引导的伴随状语。实际上这是一个倒装句，真正的语序是centralization has come with economic growth.分号后，句子主干是76% of citizens live in cities，where引导地点状语从句，修饰cities。英语长难句中，一定不要忽视标点符号的作用。