76.But it’s interesting to wonder if theimages we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’tin some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions withthe actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

主干识别：it’sinteresting to wonder …

其他成分：if theimages we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’tin some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions withthe actual experience

If引导的宾语从句

in thesame way that 引导宾语从句中的状语从句：

a smallpart of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bitlike Jennifer Aniston.

翻译点拨：词汇点拨：

Parenthood父母(身份)= parent

Subconscious潜意识

contributingto 造成

the Rachel 瑞秋(美剧六人行中的主角之一，很美，剧中是一个单生妈妈)

JenniferAniston 瑞秋的扮演者，生活中也是一个单生妈妈，前夫是布拉德.皮特

主句的处理：

it’s interesting to wonder …

形式主语可以直接翻译为：

但是有趣的是可以思考一下…

宾语从句的处理：

这里需要结合一个结构：

towonder if…aren’t…

这个结构是可以翻译为否定也可以翻译为肯定的，多翻译为肯定。

有趣的是可以思考一下，我们每周看到的无忧无虑，幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的，无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。

状语的处理：

in thesame way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us lookjust a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋(单身妈妈)就有可能使我们看上去有点像使得我们看上去有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了。

参考译文： 有趣的是可以思考一下，我们每周看到的无忧无虑，幸福诱人的为人父母的形象会不会从一种微小的，无意识的方面加剧我们对于现实生活的不满。这种方式就好像：我们中有一小部分人会觉得，要是成为瑞秋(单身妈妈)就有可能使我们看上去有点像有点像詹尼弗安尼斯顿了

77.Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers ，in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."

主干识别：

Nor is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."

这部分的句子好理解倒装：management is not to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers， in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."

in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."

状语：喜欢其中较为传统的"善于团队合作"的思想者

其他成分：关键理解：if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect

这个句子的语序可以这样调整一下：regularity and conformity to a standard pattern as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect are as desirable to the scientist 。

对于两个AS的理解： 第一个as是定语从句的引导词做人称代词，做reflect的宾语。第二个则是一个副词修饰desirable 表示“一样的”。(牛津高阶字典中AS做副词的释意思)

这样这个句子的结构就和我们课上讲的定语从句的一种结构是一样的： S(主语)+LV(系动词)+表语+That(as 引导的定语从句)：The sun is rise in the east that is bright.

参考翻译： 如果科学家很想得到(desirable)他们的论文中反映出来的规律性和对标准模式的一致性的话，

加工后的翻译：如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的"思维与众不同的人"，或者喜欢其中较为传统的"善于团队合作"的思想者而受到指责了。

78.In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objectiveresearchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.

主干识别：factsabout the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objectiveresearchers

其他成分：In theidealized version of how science is done 状语

who usethe scientific method to carry out their work.

翻译点拨：词汇的处理：

Idealized理想的

Version 版本 (这里可以处理为“情况，状况”)

facts about the world 关于世界的事实

carry out 进行，从事

成分的点拨：

先翻译状语：

In the idealized version of how science is done

直接翻译：在理想的科学怎么被做的状态中,

改进： 去掉被动态

科学怎么被做=科学研究

在科研的理想状态中，

再翻主句：

facts about the world are waiting to beobserved and collected by objective researchers

关于世界的事实正在等待着那些客观的研究者来观察和搜集，

最后翻译定语从句：

who usethe scientific method to carry out their work.

研究者们会用科学的方法来进行他们的工作

参考译文：在科学研究的理想状态下，关于世界的事实正在等待着那些客观的研究者来观察和搜集，研究者们会用科学的方法来进行他们的工作。

79.We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.

主干识别：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education

其他成分：within the broad educational process 状语

which we have been so far considering “ process”的定语

that of direct tuition or schooling. 同位语

翻译点拨：词汇的处理

distinguish 区分出…

consider考虑/讨论

tuition 直接讲授

schooling 学校教育

主句的处理

We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education

直接翻译为：我们进而被引导去区分…(引导我们的就是我们自己)

翻译中常常是将被动变为主动，“得以…”是常见的替换方式，在我的课程笔记中是可以看到的。

同位语的处理：

that of direct tuition or schooling.

记中是可以看到的。

所以可以改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。

状语的处理：

within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering

定语从句可以前置

，在(我们)一直讨论的广义的教育过程中，

代词“我们”和主句的“我们”重复了，可以省略。

同位语可以处理为:“也就是…”

That 指代前面的正式教育，只是为了语言更正式可以不翻译。

参考译文： 这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。

特别提示：

在翻译的过程中我们一直在遵循一种原则，那就是：

2+1 = 2 (加词不加意)

2+1 = 2(减词不减意)的原则。

例1： One must have studied hard before one could succeed in mastering a foreign language.

【译文】必须勤学苦练, 才能精通一门外语。

例2： He covered his face with his hand as if to protect his eyes.

【译文】他用手蒙住脸，好像去保护眼睛。

例3：Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and our daughter, who is four, won’t go to school until next year.

【译文】我儿子卡尔六岁，在一所很好的私立学校读书，女儿四岁，明年才上学。

例4：We live and learn.

【译文】：活到老，学到老。

名词的省译:

同位语从句所补充说明的名词：

Behaviorists，in contrast，say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.

相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

一些没有实际含义,省去后能使句子更加通顺和简洁，且不改变句子含义的名词：

80.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked towonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks arebothered with the message that children are the single most important thing inthe world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gapingbaby-size holes in their lives.

主干识别：并列句主句一：

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have hadkids

并列句主句二：

but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message

其他成分：thatchildren are the single most important thing in the world:

同位语从句

冒号引导的从句：

obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gapingbaby-size holes in their lives.

翻译点拨：词汇处理：

gaping baby-size holes 婴孩大小的裂口

The aircraft took off with a gaping hole in its fuselage.

飞机起飞了，机身上有一个裂开的口子。

Misery 痛苦

成分的处理：

If引导的宾语从句：

1、I wonder ifhe studies hard..

2、He asked usif everybody was here.

3、I asked ifthey would win.

4、We don’t knowif our teachers will attend the class meeting.

5. Please tell me if you knowthe answers

主句一：

Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t havehad kids.

被动变主动：

没有人会去让不开心的父母去反思自己是否不该养孩子

主句二：

but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message

但是那些不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰

同位语从句：

that children are the single most important thing in the world

孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西

最后一个分句：

obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gapingbaby-size holes in their lives.

显然，你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。

参考译文：没有人会去让不开心的父母去反思自己是否不该养孩子，但是那些不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”，显然，你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。