2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __21__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __22__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __23__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __24__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __25__ as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __26__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __27__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __28__ to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly __29__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that __30__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __31__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __32__ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also __33__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; __34__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __35__ was common in the traditional family __36__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __37__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __38__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __39__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __40__ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21. [A] acting

[B] relying

[C] centering

[D] cementing

22. [A] before

[B] unless

[C] until

[D] because

23. [A] interactions

[B] assimilation

[C] cooperation

[D] consultation

24. [A] return

[B] reply

[C] reference

[D] response

25. [A] or

[B] but rather

[C] but

[D] or else

26. [A] considering

[B] ignoring

[C] highlighting

[D] discarding

27. [A] on

[B] in

[C] for

[D] with

28. [A] immune

[B] resistant

[C] sensitive

[D] subject

29. [A] affect

[B] reduce

[C] chock

[D] reflect

30. [A] point

[B] lead

[C] come

[D] amount

31. [A] in general

[B] on average

[C] by contrast

[D] at length

32. [A] case

[B] short

[C] turn

[D] essence

33. [A] survived

[B] noticed

[C] undertaken

[D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily

[B] consequently

[C] similarly

[D] simultaneously

35.

[A] than

[B] that

[C] which

[D] as

36.

[A] system

[B] structure

[C] concept

[D] heritage

37.

[A] assessable

[B] identifiable

[C] negligible

[D] incredible

38. [A] expense

[B] restriction

[C] allocation

[D] availability

39. [A] incidence

[B] awareness

[C] exposure

[D] popularity

40.

[A] provided

[B] since

[C] although

[D] supposing

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

21. [C] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]

26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B]

31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A]

36. [B] 37. [B] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C]