53. Other identifiable causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailability of drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidence of child abuse and child neglect.

54. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

55. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

56. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.

考研英语长难句解析：

第53题：

【分析】简单句。Other identifiable causes ofoffensive acts 是主语部分;include 是谓语;宾语部分是由逗号连接的三个并列的名词或名词性短语：frustration or failure, the increased availability 和thegrowing incidence，其中in school 和两个 of 短语分别作前面宾语的后置定语。

【译文】导致犯罪行为的其他确切因素还有学习受挫，考试不及格、毒品和酒精更容易得到，以及不断增多的儿童受虐和被忽略事件的发生。

【点拨】1) identifiable"可辨认的，可识别的，可确认的"。2) availability "有效，有用;可得到的人(或物)"。

第54题：

【分析】多重复合句。句子主干为teenagers are self-conscious and need the confidence。Because引导原因状语从句;that 引导的定语从句修饰confidence，定语从句中又包含一个 that 引导的宾语从句。

【译文】因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况和智力、情感方面的诸多挑战，所以他们的自我意识很强，并且需要信心，这种信心源于获得成功和看到自己的成就获得他人的赞赏。

【点拨】1) adjust to 意为"适应，调节"。2) host 是量词，指"许多，大量"。A whole host of "许多，大量"。

第55题：

【分析】复合句。So…that引导结果状语从句;that 后的 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式结构 to plan activities，其中包含一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰 activities;for example 为插入语，其后的三个动宾短语列举了三种行为，是对上文 for example 具体的解释说明。

【译文】然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已经充斥了如此之多的竞争，所有明智之举就是组织一些胜者多败者少的活动，比如：出版一些学生写的书评时讯、展览学生的艺术作品、发起读书讨论俱乐部。

【点拨】1) be filled with 意为"充满;装满"。2) sponsor 在此处用作动词，意为"发起，主办，赞助"，它还可以用作名词，意为"发起者，主办者，赞助者"。

第56题：

【分析】并列句。and 连接两个并列分句。后一分句较长，其主干是 many shy students need the security;介词短语 of some kind of organization 作 security 的后置定语，with 复合结构作 organization 的后置定语。

【译文】交朋友对青少年来说非常重要，很多腼腆的学生都需借助某种组织使其有安全感，而成人的支持应居于隐蔽的地位。

【点拨】1) supportive 意为"支持的，支援的，赞助的"。2) visible 指"可见的，看得见的"。