一、同义转述

The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.

33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?

[A] to take in more foreign funds.

[B] to invest more abroad.

[C] to combine and become bigger.

[D] to trade with more countries.

【解析】问题问的是：typical trend of businesses today，所以应该定位到the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions，那么正确答案的含义应该与mergers and acquisitions一致，义为：兼并和收购。选项[C] to combine and become bigger 合并起来变得更大，即是原文的同义替换，其他选项则为无中生有。

二、概括引申

Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge.

36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?

[A] The habit of thinking independently.

[B] Profound knowledge of the world.

[C] Practical abilities for future career.

[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.

【解析】问题问的是What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?美国的父母希望孩子在学校里学到什么?依此定位到原文 Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education. “学校是我们送孩子去获得实际教育的地方”，“我们”即是指“父母”，所以题干和选项[C]即是对原文内容的一个概括性转述，[C] Practical abilities for future career，即让孩子在学校获得对未来职业发展有用的实际能力。

三、位置转化

If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.

27.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if________.

[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices

[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power

[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material

[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous

【解析】问题问的是“在什么条件下，野心才能被正确看待?”，从而确定答案的出处就在后边这句话中the rewards of ambition must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices. 而细看一下发现，原文给的是“野心要想被正确看待，就必须怎样”，题干是把原文的条件句转化成了主句，那么我们需要选择的答案应该就是在原文的主句位置出现的内容吧!所以[A]选项its returns well compensate for the sacrifices即为词句的同意转述。

英语阅读理解错误选项的命题特点一：偷梁换柱

In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.

25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

【解析】选项[D]是一个典型的偷梁换柱的错误。根Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild选项，我们应该定位到原文Such cooperation is likely to be stable，不难看出选项和原文的主干都讲到了合作保持稳定，但是其后又都附有一个条件，原文给得是only when each animal feels it is not being cheated只有当动物感觉没有受欺骗的时候;而选项中却偷换成了only in the wild只有在野生世界中，明显这两个条件是完全不对等的，是属于一种典型的概念偷换。

英语阅读理解错误选项的命题特点二：比较错误

Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago.

36. What is implied in the first sentence?

[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.

[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.

[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.

[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

【解析】选项[B]是一个典型的比较错误。[B]选项的出处可以定位到原文Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life，说这些进步使老年人的生活更加有品质;而[B] 选项Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before说美国人的生活品质比以前提高了，不难看出这里是出现了比较的主体对象错误，所以大家遇到包含比较的选项，一定要细心核对：比较的主体，程度，对象是否都与原文一致，避免落入陷阱。

英语阅读理解错误选项的命题特点三：偷换范围

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)... And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays...

26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.

[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue

[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage

[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms

[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism

【解析】选项[C]属于偷换范围的错误。原文说小镇上有两个水火不容的分支，一个是RSC，一个是小镇居民;而[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms说RSC的两个分支关系不和，这两个分支并不是RSC当中的，而RSC只是分支当中的一个而已，属范围不当错误。

分析错误选项特点可以让大家熟悉错误选项命制的规律，帮助大家区分选项之间的差别，从而快速识别错误之处。知彼知己，才能达到百战不殆。