1. with  + 名词 + 现在分词或过去分词所构成的独立主格：

1) With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support their parents.  (21 words)
译文：随着（由于）物价和房租迅速上涨，许多年轻大学毕业生无法挣钱养活自己，更不用说赡养父母了。

2. not so much … as … (=less … more …) 的译法：

2）In order to detect the misprints in a single print, the proofreader has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text.  (37 words)
译文：为了发现稿件中的印刷错误，校对员必须与其说注意所读材料的含义，倒不如说注意文章中字母和单词的确切形状和顺序。

3. more … than 的译法：逆序法。

3) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term intelligence than there is on how to interpret or classify them.  (26 words) 
译文：人们对智力所指的不同种类的行为表现比对这些表现如何进行解释或分类，看法更为一致。

4) Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. (2003试题)
译文：与有另一条铁路竞争这笔生意时相比，铁路公司对这样一些“被套住的”货主特意多收20-30%的运费。(2003试题)

5) They teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. (2006试题)
译文：他们可以把书教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。

4. as … as … , as much … as …, as many … as … , as well as …, as 从句，not … , as … 的灵活译法：

6) While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.  (36 words)
译文：虽然历史学的定义与历史学家几乎一样多（=虽然几乎每个历史学家都有自己对历史学的定义），但是现代史学家的实践最接近于符合这样一个定义（=最趋于认为），历史学是试图重现和解释过去的重大事件（=史实）。

7) But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.
译文：但是肯定与去年五月“美国新闻和世界报导”中一篇文章似乎表明的不一样，那并不是说，关注工业无节制发展的环境专家是反科学的。

5. what从句的译法 － what词义的引申译法：

8) What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.  (24 words)
译文：他认为，他所论证的 是，缺乏对事件的驾驭能力而不是经验本身是削弱免疫系统的原因。

6. 定语从句的前置合译法：

9）On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. (58 words)
译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

7. 定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法：

8. 定语从句的溶合译法：

10）This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
译文：这种假设是依据这样一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。

9. 形容词短语前置，用法相当于分词短语，表示各种隐含的状语意义：

10. 形容词短语后置，作定语，用法相当于分词短语，可合译，也可分译：(本句采用逆序法翻译)

11）There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. (29 words) 译法：上面整句采用逆序法翻译。
译文：方法论究竟是指一般历史研究中特有的概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

11. not + 谓语动词 … + because … 的否定转移译法：

12）Individual manufacturers do not necessarily rely on their relatives because they cannot obtain financial support from commercial banks. They may actually avoid them because they assume that the banks either cannot understand their special needs or charge unreasonably high interest rates.  (41 words)
译文：个体企业家并不是因为无法从商业银行借到金融贷款而必须依靠他们的亲属。他们可能实际上躲开银行，因为他们觉得这些银行要么不能理解少数民族企业的特殊需要，要么收取的利率太高。

12. not that … , but that  …或强调形式：It is not that …, but that … 的汉译：

13）Our boast is not that we have more ideas or brilliant ideas but that our ideas are better tested.
译文：我们自我夸耀倒不是因为我们的主意多或我们的主意好，而是因为我们的主意都是经过更好检验的。

13. It was not until that … 与Not until … 的译法：

14）As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium. (=It was discussed before that not until the 19th century did the newspaper become the dominant pre-electronic medium.)
译文：正如以前谈过，直到19世纪报纸才成为电子时代以前的主导媒体。

14. as 引导的特殊状语从句的译法：当作定语从句来翻译

15）Dr. Pyke contended that the scientific revolution, as we call it, is largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.
译文：派埃克博士坚持认为，我们称为的科学革命主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。

15. cannot…  too … 的译法: 再…也不过分，越…越好，应该…