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2013年考研英语语法精解:复合句(4)

考研英语  时间: 2019-03-08 16:59:04  作者: 匿名 
4. 介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
如果which或whom在定语从句中作介词宾语,那么该介词可以置于从句前,这种定语从句修饰人时,介词后只用whom,修饰物时只用which,不能用that,因为介词后接that意思发生改变,如in+that=because引导原因状语从句,另外介词+which还可等同于关系副词,如in/on, at+which=when/where, for which= why。that/which/whom在从句中充当宾语或介词宾语时,关系代词常省略。
例句: Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns)into which they plug each days events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a readymade narrative structure for otherwise confusing news. (选自2001年Text 3)
分析: 这两句同为复合句,在前后句中各含有一个定语从句into which they plug...和that provides...and..., 分别修饰templates和culture,其中plug sth. into sth.意为“塞入或插入”。
译文: 大多数记者通过一套标准模式来看世界,并用其来衡量每天发生的事。换言之,在新闻阶层有一种传统的写作规则,这种规则为在其他方面可能造成误解的新闻提供主线和现成的叙事结构。
例句: The conveniences that Americans desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted.
分析: 该句是复合句,主干部分为The conveniences...reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle;定语从句that Americans desire和in which...to be wasted分别修饰the conveniences和a busy lifestyle,其中in which中which指代a busy lifestyle。
译文: 美国人所需要的各种便利条件与其说是反映一种休闲的生活方式,还不如说反映一种忙碌的生活方式,在这种生活方式中,甚至分分秒秒都宝贵得不容浪费。
例句: To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must gear the qualities and varieties of products we make to the worldmarket demand.(1996年第40题)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中不定式短语To survive...countries在句中作状语表示目的。短语gear...to sth.意为“使适应,使适合”。
译文: 为了在国家间激烈的贸易竞争中能生存下去,我们必须使我们的产品质量和品种适应世界市场需求。

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