2013年考研英语语法重难点精解:否定句(5)
考研英语
时间: 2019-03-08 16:59:02
作者: 匿名
八、重复否定
重复否定不同于双重否定,它是在不同时间内,从句或主句中作同一否定。
例句: The expression in his eyes was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments she had been prepared for.
分析: 该句是复合句,其中定语从句she had been prepared for修饰the sentiments。
译文: 他的表情既不是愤怒,也不是惊讶,又不是不满,更不是厌恶,不是她所预料的任何一种表情。
下列情况也是表示重复否定,意为“更不用说,更谈不到,更提不上,休说,莫谈,哪里,何况”,后接名词、动词、介词短语、不定式等。
(一)much less/still less/even less用于否定句
例句: Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.
分析: 该句包含while引导的并列句,其中much less置于句首引起倒装。
译文: 一般情况下,美国人不会在这种轻松的环境中通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的来访者,更不通过把来访者带到外面吃饭或去高尔夫球场来建立信任和融洽的关系。
(二)much more/still more/even more用于肯定句
例句: He could solve much more difficult questions, still more simple ones.
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 他连再难的问题都能解决,更别说这些简单问题了。
例句: We are ready to give our lives for our motherland, much more to suffer some hardships.
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 为了祖国我们随时贡献我们的生命,更不必说吃点苦了。
(三)let alone适用于肯定句或否定句
例句: For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. (1997年第38题)
分析: 该句是简单句,介词短语for the new...在句中作状语表目的。
译文: 一个新兴国家要生存,就必须制定新的经济政策,更不用说如何使一个国家的人民享受繁荣了。
例句: Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone gotten one. (2000年第10题)
分析: 该句为复合句,其中had they even thought of a divorce是省略if的倒装句,整句是表示与过去事实相反假设的虚拟语气。
译文: 几年前,政客们只要是有离婚的念头,就会在竞选中失败,更不用说真的离婚了。
例句: While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. (选自2009年Text 4)
分析: 该句是复合句,句子主干是it is obvious that..., 其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,while引导一个让步状语从句, let alone dependents and servants作插入语,to be analyzed作literary compositions的后置定语。
译文: 尽管很少数的手工艺者或农民(更不用说家属和仆人)留下文学作品供我们分析研究,但是很明显他们的观点并不完全具有学术性。
重复否定不同于双重否定,它是在不同时间内,从句或主句中作同一否定。
例句: The expression in his eyes was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments she had been prepared for.
分析: 该句是复合句,其中定语从句she had been prepared for修饰the sentiments。
译文: 他的表情既不是愤怒,也不是惊讶,又不是不满,更不是厌恶,不是她所预料的任何一种表情。
下列情况也是表示重复否定,意为“更不用说,更谈不到,更提不上,休说,莫谈,哪里,何况”,后接名词、动词、介词短语、不定式等。
(一)much less/still less/even less用于否定句
例句: Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust and rapport.
分析: 该句包含while引导的并列句,其中much less置于句首引起倒装。
译文: 一般情况下,美国人不会在这种轻松的环境中通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的来访者,更不通过把来访者带到外面吃饭或去高尔夫球场来建立信任和融洽的关系。
(二)much more/still more/even more用于肯定句
例句: He could solve much more difficult questions, still more simple ones.
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 他连再难的问题都能解决,更别说这些简单问题了。
例句: We are ready to give our lives for our motherland, much more to suffer some hardships.
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 为了祖国我们随时贡献我们的生命,更不必说吃点苦了。
(三)let alone适用于肯定句或否定句
例句: For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required. (1997年第38题)
分析: 该句是简单句,介词短语for the new...在句中作状语表目的。
译文: 一个新兴国家要生存,就必须制定新的经济政策,更不用说如何使一个国家的人民享受繁荣了。
例句: Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone gotten one. (2000年第10题)
分析: 该句为复合句,其中had they even thought of a divorce是省略if的倒装句,整句是表示与过去事实相反假设的虚拟语气。
译文: 几年前,政客们只要是有离婚的念头,就会在竞选中失败,更不用说真的离婚了。
例句: While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. (选自2009年Text 4)
分析: 该句是复合句,句子主干是it is obvious that..., 其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that从句,while引导一个让步状语从句, let alone dependents and servants作插入语,to be analyzed作literary compositions的后置定语。
译文: 尽管很少数的手工艺者或农民(更不用说家属和仆人)留下文学作品供我们分析研究,但是很明显他们的观点并不完全具有学术性。
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