一、概述

文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。美国人称摘要为“Abstract”，而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。

通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。

国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。语言上要求尽量简炼。摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。

科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。

摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。

它可以包括三个组成部分

①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；

②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；

③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。

二、常见句型

常见的摘要句型有：

1）This paper deals with……

2）This article focuses on the topics of （that，having，etc）……

3）This eassy presents knowledge that……

4）This thesis discusses……

5）This thesis analyzes……

6）This paper provides an overview of……

7）This paper elaborates on ……

8）This article gives an overview of……

9）This article compares……and summarizes key findings.

10）This paper includes discussions concerning……

11）This paper presents uptodate information on……

12）This article covers the role of chemicals in……

13）This paper addresses important topics including……

14）This paper touches upon……

15）This paper strongly emphasizes……

16）This eassy represents the preceedings of ……

17）This article not only describes……but also suggests……

18）This paper considers……

19）This paper provides a method of ……

20）This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze……

21）This paper offers the latest information regarding……

　　三、分类举例

1）陈述型论文摘要。陈述型论文摘要（Descriptive Abstract）一般只说明论文的主题是什么，多半不介绍内容。

例1

ABSTRACT

This article extends Lehand and Pyle（1997）model to include the possibility that manager may exploit cooperate wealth through transactions with affiliated companies and/or individuals.The results of our model show that the amounts of wealth exploitation are affected by several factors.They are inorderly managerial stockholding，the severity of penalty，the manager‘s risk attitude，firm’s expected future cash flows，and the variance of future cash flows.What‘s more， the relation between managerial holding and the amount of wealth exploitation is not seperate.Wealth exploitation rises with management share holdings before the break point.When managerial holding exceeds the break point，any further increase in the management holdings will decrease the amount of wealth exploitation.

例2

ABSTRACT

The effect of price limit on the stock return，volatility and the structural change is analyzed through a generalized autoregressive conditional heterscedasticity（GARCH）model.The interaction between stock returns and its volatility is permitted in each price limit regime.While the stock return does not go up when the price limit goes down from 5%to 7%.The stock volatility，on the other hand，is substantially different across three regimes. The higher the price limit，the larger is the volatility.In end the GARCH model does not suffer from the structural change when price limits change.