136. Temporary shortages do occur, but Simon and other boomsters(兴旺论者) argue that as long as government doesn’t interfere—by mandating (指令) conservation or setting price controls (价格) —people will find alternative (代用品).
　　137. He seldom ignores that many potential votes, and it did not escape the notice of congressmen that these Negro organizations, some of which had almost as much trouble getting out a crowd as the Washington Senators several years ago, were now capable of organizing the largest demonstrating throng (群众) ever gathered at one spot in the District of Columbia.
　　138. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening.
　　139. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media(宣传工具)on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
　　140. By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader.

　　参考译文：
　　136．当代短缺确实出现，但西蒙和其他兴旺论者认为只要政府不干预——通过消费指令或者价格控制——人们总能找到替代品。
　　137．他很少忽略许多潜在的选票，许多黑人组织也没有逃过议员们的眼睛，几年前还像高级议员一样很难冲出人群的黑人组织现在已经能够组织哥伦比亚区最大的群众集会了。
　　138．直到这个世纪末还是有大量的这样的争论，书籍是否应该作为信息来认真对待，还是有些像报纸之类的阅读材料已经在精神上有某种程度地减弱了。
　　139．然而，不管它有什么优点，古老的共享文字文化已经过去了，一方面被印刷的大众媒体代替，另一方面被给特定读都出版的书籍和杂志代替了。
　　140．到这个世纪末，学生们被介绍对书籍要采用“拿来主义”，阅读时也要采用技巧，可能的话，对于朗读者来说是不太适合的。