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2002年6月大学英语四级考试阅读真题及答案解析A

考研英语  时间: 2019-04-08 14:11:21  作者: 匿名 

  In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. 
  By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. 
  But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. 
  The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain. 

  21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________. 
  A) the way you handle major events may cause stress 
  B) what should be done to avoid stress 
  C) what kind of event would cause stress 
  D) how to cope with sudden changes in life 

  22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ________. 
  A) widespread concern over its harmful effects 
  B) great panic over the mental disorder it could cause 
  C) an intensive research into stress-related illnesses 
  D) popular avoidance of stressful jobs 

  23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________. 
  A) how much pressure you are under 
  B) how positive events can change your life 
  C) how stressful a major event can be 
  D) how you can deal with life-changing events 

  24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow? 
  A) No one can stay on the same job for long. 
  B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress. 
  C) People have to get married someday. 
  D) You could be missing opportunities as well. 

  25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________. 
  A) nervous when faced with difficulties 
  B) physically and mentally strained 
  C) more capable of coping with adversity 
  D) indifferent toward what happens to them 

  这篇材料讲了一个压力对人是否有害的问题。文章从六十年代一项有关压力的医学研究讲起,称研究的结果是any major change can be stressful(任何大的变迁都会引起压力)。文章随后对这个结论做了解释,称这种大的变迁可以是消极事件,如家人患重病(Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”),但也可以是积极事件,如结婚等(positive life-changing events, like marriag)。作者由此分析了这项研究的特点,其所涉及的不是如何应对压力,而是压力的多少问题(it only shows how much you have to deal with)。第一段的最后一句具有承上启下的作用,作者说我们现在知道,处理压力事件的方式会极大地影响人的健康程度(the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy),暗示后文要对如何应对压力展开论述。 
  第二段前两句讲到,七十年代初,类似的研究大量出现,并受到了人们广泛的关注。这可以说是促成了“如何应对压力”这一问题的答案的产生。一家杂志称 压力会引发疾病,保持身心健康的方法就是避开压力事件(If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy avoid stressful events)。 
  这家杂志的两个观点在作者看来并不正确,作者在后面的两段里对杂志的观点进行了反驳。第三段首先反驳的是“保持身心健康的方法就是避开压力事件”这 一观点。首先,许多压力事件无法避免,比如所爱之人的去世(like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid)。第二,回避压力事件的确会消除困扰,但同时也失去了相应的机会(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble)。比如,一个人如果想彻底和压力绝缘,那他就失去了结婚、生子、转职、搬迁的机会。 
  最后一段反驳了“压力会引发疾病”的观点。首先,这一观点预设了一个前提,即我们在逆境面前都是不堪一击的(we’re all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity),这就忽视了人类的能动性和创造性。事实上,人们在成功应对压力之后,往往会增强身心的活力(Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before)。第二,长时期的一成不变、回避挑战,也会使人产生厌倦感,导致身心损伤(can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain)。
 
  21. C 
  题目问Holmes-Rahe的医学研究结果告诉我们什么。 
  文章对这一研究的说明是在第一段,本题又是第一题,所以答案应该在第一段就可找到。 
  A,你处理重要事件的方式可能会引发压力。这一选项应该与第一段最后一句有关:And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy,因为这里也出现了“方式”(way)问题。需要注意的是这一句出现了now一词,表示that引导的观点是如今的想法,而不是六十年的医学研究的成果。 
  B,为避免压力应如何去做。纵观第一段,没有出现避免压力的内容。 
  C,何种事件会引发压力。第一段第一句话指出这项研究的结果是一张压力事件的清单,言下之意也就是什么事件会引发压力。那么到底什么样的事件会引发压力呢?第二句给出答案:any major change can be stressful,任何大的事件。由此可见,该项研究的结果恰好告诉了我们C所说的内容。 
  D,如何应对人生中的剧烈变化。文中说得很清楚:——does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with,该研究反映的不是如何应对压力,而是要应对多少压力。
  
  22. A 
  文章提到七十年代的研究是在第二段。第一句指出相似研究广泛开展。第二句说明了这些研究的影响:millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports,这一句和A的表述基本一致。Millions与widespread对应,worried 和concern对应,不同的是原文没有说明压力是否存在有害影响。Harmful effects的着落在后文可以找到:Stress causes illness,压力会引发疾病。这样的话,A的说法与文章所述完全一致,应该选择A。 
  B所说的panic(恐慌)与文中的worry(担忧)词意相距较远;另外,文中mentally healthy是笼统说法,精神疾病不见得就是mental disorder(精神紊乱)。 
  C说法在文中没有提到。 
  第二段最后一句出现了avoid stressful events,但这是杂志的一项建议,该建议是否被人们广泛采纳在文中没有说明,不能凭空推理。因此D不对。
 
  23. A 
  题目问Holmes-Rahe测试的分数说明什么。 
  A,你承受了多少压力。 
  B,积极事件会在多大程度上改变你的生活。 
  C,一个重要事件可以带来多大的压力。 
  D,你可以如何来应对那些改变生活的事件。 
  注意第一段When you take theHolmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with这句,这句话意思很容易理解:当你参加这项测试时,你必须记住,分数并不反映你如何应对压力,它仅仅显示出你要应对多少压力。这句话与题目相关性 很强,出现了score(分数)一词,可以说是题目的直接答案。A的说法与此一致,应该选A;D的说法正好是该句所否定的,直接排除。B提到的积极事件是 作者举出的一个例子,用来说明无论积极事件还是消极事件都会给人带来巨大压力。文章并没有论述积极事件改变生活的程度。C有一定的迷惑性,原因就是对原文 中how much的理解容易出现偏差,一不小心就会理解成“多大”而不是“多少”。文中pressure是不可数名词,表示它的多少用how much。之所以不能理解为“多大”,是因为第二句和第三句已经说明了测试的结果:所有大事件都可以带来压力——这实际上说的就是压力的多少而不是多大。
 
  24. D 
  题目问such simplistic advice(如此简单的建议)为何不可能采纳。 
  A,没有人可以在同一份工作上干很长时间。 
  B,在缓解压力的问题上没有有效的药方。 
  C,人们总会在某一天结婚。 
  D,同时你也会失去机会。 
  such simplistic advice is impossible to follow是第三段的总起句,起着概括第三段段意的作用。其后的三句话表达了两条论据来支持总起句。第一条是许多压力事件是根本无法避免的(如the death of a loved one)。第二条是回避压力的同时也错失了机会(staying away from opportunities as well as trouble),第三句话为第二条举了具体的例子,即一个害怕压力的人恐怕就不要结婚生子、跳槽搬迁了。 
  A的说法在这二条中没有提到,可以排除。B考查对第三句话的理解,C考查对最后一句的理解,但都是错误的。D的说法恰好是文中所述的第二个论据。
 
  25. C 
  题目问根据这篇材料,经历过人生起伏的人们可能会…… 
  A,面对困难时会感到紧张。 
  B,精神上、肉体上都会感到紧张。 
  C,更能应对困境。 
  D,对发生在身上的事情无动于衷。 
  最后一题往往考查对最后一段或者全篇的理解,从题干中的ups and downs来看,因为前文没有明确论述过ups and downs,所以本题考查最后一段的可能性大。而观察四个题支,其所述内容在前面几段基本没有提及,由此可以断定本题答案在最后一段。 
  最后一段可以找到一句话和题干所述的意义非常接近:Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before。这里的come through periods of stress应该等同于experienced ups and downs,而with more physical and mental vigor than they had before则是经历过人生起伏后的结果,也就是肉体和精神上更具活力。 
  四个选项中C的说法与此最为接近。B较有迷惑性,但要注意strained是指紧张的、疲倦的,和文意的“更有活力”恰好相反。

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