1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. (1996. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】对资本和企业的这种大规模的非个人操纵大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性。这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分，代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离，而且也几乎与责任管理相分离。

　　【析句】这种长句句式复杂，内容抽象，让考生一头雾水，不知所云。面对这一拦路虎，首先要抓住句子的主干，...manipulation increased numbers and importance...,(which is)an element...。主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定。而非限制性定语an element ...landowners中又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing，另一个是(which was)detached。将定语从句中省略的“引导词+be ”结构补充完整，则不易与分词结构混淆。

　　2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (1996. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给大批“舒适”阶层提供休憩之所。这些人依赖丰厚的收入生活，除了参加分红和偶尔参加股东大会向管理层下达命令之外，与社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。

　　【析句】这一长句的难点在于宾语comfortable classes有两个由定语从句who has retired..., who had no relation...并由and连接，而第二个定语从句中存在较长的介词短语结构，except是介词，that指代relation，drawing 和attending是并列关系，作of的宾语，to dictate their orders..是目的状语。

　　3. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. (1996. 阅读. Text C)

　　【译文】带薪管理公司的职业经理人与工人以及他们需要的关系更加直接，但是就连他也不熟悉工人的个人状况，而这种个人了解却常常存在于现在不断消失的古老家族公司的那种家长制制度下。

　　【析句】整个句子由but引导两个转折关系的句子，第一个句子的主干是the paid manager...was in more direct with...their demands, acting for...是现在分词作定语，修饰manager；第二个句子主干是even he had...personal knowledge of the workmen..., which引导定语从句修饰familiar personal knowledge，passing aways是现在分词作定语修饰前面的old family business.将各种修饰成分与它们所修饰的内容之间的关系搞清楚，那么整句话就更容易理解了。