1. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen -- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (2002. 阅读. Text 4)

　　【译文】尽管裁决认为，宪法没有赋予医生帮助病人自杀的权利，然而最高法庭实际上却认可了医疗界的“双效”原则，这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为，如果某种行为具有双重效果（希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果），那么，只要行为实施只是想达到好的效果，这个行为就是可以允许的。

　　【析句】复杂的长句首先抓主干，Although it ruled that...suicide, the Court in effect supported that the medical principle of double effect is permissible if the actor ...effect。先看although引导的让步状语从句，ruled后有一个that引导的宾语从句；再看主句，主句中的主句是the Court supported that...，supported后也是宾语从句，但要注意，宾语从句中，a centuries-old moral principle是主语the medical principle of "double effect"的同位语，同位语中holding that...是现在分词作定语相当于which holds;破折号之间是插入语，对two effects做进一步的解释说明。最后if引导的条件状语从句是主句中的从句。

　　2. George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. (2002. 阅读. Text 4)

　　【译文】波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治·安纳斯坚持认为，只要医生是出于合理的医疗目的开药，那么即使服用此药会加速病人的死亡，医生的行为也没有违法。

　　【析句】句子的主干是George Annas maintains that the doctor has done nothing illegal as long as ...purpose. 主句中，chair of the health law department是George Annas的同位语；maintains后是宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句是the doctor has done nothing illegal, as long as“只要..."引导条件状语从句,even if“尽管，即使”则引导让步状语从句。

　　3. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care. (2002. 阅读. Text 4)

　　【译文】报告指出了医院临终关怀护理中存在的两个问题：对病痛处理不力和大胆使用“无效而强制性的医疗程序，这些程序可能会延长死亡期，甚至会让死亡期难堪”。

　　【析句】本句有一些医学专业词汇，增加了理解的困难，但只要抓住句子的主干，就不会受到干扰。句子的主干是It identifies the undertreatment of pain and aggressive use of ...as the twin problems of...care。it指代上文中的theNational Academy ofScience 。注意其中的短语identity..as“将...定义为..., 认为...是...”。identifies有两个宾语，the undertreatment of pain和the aggressive use of ...。难点在第二个宾语，procedures后是that引导的定语从句。