Directions：

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the country‘s speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the __1__could become a poll tax on wheels’，__2__huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism __3__cameras.The warnings came__4__a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either__5__to expansion plans or considering __6__.

Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble，__7__ 90 million a year.__8__the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to __9__the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and__10__that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed__11__at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by __12__a half.

But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe__13__fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to__14__the“threshold”speeds at which cameras are__15__to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and __16__to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“We don‘t have a problem with speed cameras __17__. But we do have concerns about__18__they are sited. Police risk losing credibility __19__motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising __20__safety devices.”

1. [A] promotions [B] punishments [C] penalties [D] payments

2. [A] isolating [B] separating [C] alienating [D] detaching

3. [A] towards [B] against [C] before [D] over

4. [A] so [B] once [C] as [D] where

5. [A] subjected [B] engaged [C] intended [D] committed

6. [A] taking part [B] keeping silence [C] making exception [D] paying respect

7. [A] financing [B] profiting [C] funding [D] netting

8. [A] From [B] Under [C] On [D] With

9. [A] hide [B] cover [C] conceal [D] veil

10. [A] pledging [B] assuring [C] confirming [D] ensuring

11. [A] essentially [B] strongly [C] wholeheartedly [D] purely

12. [A] in all [B] fewer than [C] at most [D] up to

13. [A] but [B] whereas [C] though [D] while

14. [A] fit [B] put [C] set [D] fix

15. [A] levered [B] geared [C] handled [D] triggered

16. [A] lead [B] add [C] contribute [D] resort

17. [A] any less [B] by itself [C] after all [D] as such

18. [A] who [B] when [C] where [D] which

19. [A] in [B] with [C] against [D] for

20. [A] in spite of [B] far from [C] rather than [D] by means of

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text1

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

21. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is

A. not very high. B. high.

C. contemptuous. D. critical.

22. The main idea of this passage is

A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.

B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.

C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.

D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.

23. That the author mentions the old Romans is

A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.

B. to give an example.

C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.

D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

24. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?

A. Three. B. Five.

C. Six. D. Seven.

25. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.

C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.

D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.

Text 2

Scientists have known since 1952 that DNA is the basic stuff of heredity. They’ve known its chemical structure since 1953. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.

But everything the genetic engineers have accomplished during the past half-century is just a preamble to the work that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues are doing now. Collins leads the Human Genome Project， a 15-year effort to draw the first detailed map of every nook and cranny and gene in human DNA. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.

What they and other researchers are plotting is nothing less than a biomedical revolution. Like Silicon Valley pirates reverse-engineering a computer chip to steal a competitor’s secrets， genetic engineers are decoding life’s molecular secrets and trying to use that knowledge to reverse the natural course of disease. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.

And that’s just the beginning. For all the fevered work being done， however， science is still far away from the Brave New World vision of engineering a perfect human—or even a perfect tomato. Much more research is needed before gene therapy becomes commonplace， and many diseases will take decades to conquer， if they can be conquered at all.

In the short run， the most practical way to use the new technology will be in genetic screening. Doctors will be able to detect all sorts of flaws in DNA long before they can be fixed. In some cases the knowledge may lead to treatments that delay the onset of the disease or soften its effects. Someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease， for example， could follow a low-fat diet. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein. But in other instances， almost nothing can be done to stop the ravages brought on by genetic mutations. (409 words)

26. It can be inferred from the text that Collins and Anderson and legions of colleagues _____.

[A] know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program

[B] have found the basic building blocks of life

[C] have accomplished some genetic discovery during the past half-century

[D] are making a breakthrough in DNA

27. Collins and Anderson are cited in the text to indicate all the following EXCEPT that ______.

[A] time-consuming effort is needed to accomplish the detailed map of in human DNA

[B] human gene-therapy operations may be applied to the patients

[C] gene-therapy now is already generally used to the treatment and prevention of human diseases

[D] information about DNA may be used in the treatment and prevention of human diseases

28. The word “pirate” (line 2， paragraph 3) means______.

[A] one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea

[B] one who makes use of or reproduces the work of another without authorization

[C] to take (something) by piracy

[D] to make use of or reproduce (another’s work) without authorization

29. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_____.

[A] engineering a perfect human is not feasible for the time being

[B] it‘s impossible for scientists to engineer a perfect tomato

[C] many diseases will never be conquered by human beings

[D] doctors will be able to cure all sorts of flaws in DNA in the long run

30. The best title for the text may be ______.

[A] DNA and Heredity

[B] The Genetic Revolution

[C] A Biomedical Revolution

[D] How to Apply Genetic Technology

Text 3

The purpose of an interview is to find out if your goals and the goals of an organization are compatible.Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself.Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data.You also develop questions which you will ask to determine how well your career goals match the needs of the organization.These questions include both those you would ask before a job offer and those you would ask after a job offer.

Prior to the interview，acquaint yourself with the laws pertaining to job discrimination.This knowledge will enhance your chances of being considered on an equal standing with other applicants.

To develop confidence，adequately prepare for the interview.Focus on how you can best serve the organization to which you are applying.Then rehearse until the rough edges are smoothed and you sound convincing to those with whom you have practiced.

Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter，concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication，developing your portfolio，anticipating questions with positive responses，and arriving early.The greeting stage includes greeting everyone courteously，using waiting-room smarts，using your time wisely，and applying proper protocol when meeting the interviewer.The consultation stage includes responsiveness and enthusiasm，knowing when to interject key points，showing sincerity，highlighting your strengths，and listening intently.The departure stage includes leaving on a positive note，expressing appreciation，expressing interest，leaving promptly，and making notes immediately after departure.

To save time and money and offer convenience to prospective employees and employers，video taping and satellite videophones may become a common method of interviewing.Being at ease in front of a camera would be important for these types of interviews.

Following the interview，write thank-you letters to each person who interviewed you and to those who helped you get the interview.When invited for a second interview，go prepared by using your notes and feedback from the interview to zero in on what the company wants.If the company doesn‘t respond in two weeks，call back or write a follow-up letter.You may get turned down.If so，try to find out why as a means of self-improvement.

Following a job offer，take a few days to consider all elements and then call or write a letter either accepting or declining the offer-—whichever is appropriate.If you accept and you are presently employed，write an effective letter of resignation，departing on a positive note.

31.The word“compatible”in the first sentence probably means____.

[A] in agreement [B] in conflict

[C] complementary [D] practicable

32.The writer advises you to familiarize yourself with the laws concerning job discrimination so that ____.

[A] you can show your prospective employer you have a wide range of knowledge

[B] you stand on equal chance of being hired with other applicants to the job

[C] you will refuse to give answers to any questions against the current laws

[D] you know how to behave within the limit of laws at the interview

33.At which stage should you emphasize your qualifications for the job?

[A] The before stage.

[B] The greeting stage.

[C] The consultation stage.

[D] The departure stage.

34.If you are given a second interview，it is most important for you to____.

[A] write a thank-you letter to each person who interviewed you last time

[B] find out exactly what the company wants of you

[C] learn from the last interview and improve yourself

[D] consider all the elements that are important for the job

35.The passage is mainly concerned with____.

[A] how to manage an interview

[B] how to apply for a job vacancy

[C] how an applicant should behave during an interview

[D] how to make your private goal compatible with those of an organization

Text 4

The Wall Street Journal has continued as the world’s most credible news source and one that refused to conform to the passing prejudice and error of the journalistic herd. Naturally the Journal receives ongoing abuse from the herd for its distressing independence. Yet, rarely is the criticism straightforward but rather an assault on the conservatism of the Journal’s editorial page, which strikes conformist journalists as an insult and is the real cause of the herd’s distress. Rather the criticism focuses on the Journal’s bottom line, its sluggish share price, and rumors that the family controlling the paper, the Bancroft family, is unhappy and about to sell it.

The rumors of the Bancrofts’ unhappiness are all highly exaggerated and quickly refuted. For this proud family whose ancestor, Clarence W. Barron, purchased the Journal and with it the Dow Jones news service in 1902 conceives of its ownership as a “public trust.” That is how Roy A. Hammer, a lawyer and trustee for the entities through which the Bancrofts control the paper, described their sense of ownership. This is not so unusual. Great newspapers have always played a major role in American civic life. I said “great newspapers,” serious newspapers, the kind that put gathering news ahead of sensationalism.

Most of the truly profitable newspapers in the country today are essentially shopping circulars with some cheap journalism printed on those pages not devoted to shopping mall sales. The great newspaper chains take over local papers, fire journalists, and set out to fill their pages with still more advertisements. Well, they supply a service. They let readers know about the price, say, of chicken at the Giant or snow tires at the CVS. But fewer and fewer local newspapers supply much news and analysis. Great newspapers do, and not one that I know of makes a vast amount of money.

Great newspapers do help to set the agenda for the nation. They break stories of corruption or on other vital matters. One of the few things I find admirable about the New York Times is that its controlling family, the Sulzberger family, is not intent on squeezing every penny of profit out of its flagship paper. Thus last week when I read a long critique in the Times of the Wall Street Journal’s management for its sluggish financial performance, I discovered hypocrisy.

The hypocrisy is all the greater coming from liberals who are criticizing conservatives for their alleged devotion the “Almighty Dollar.” Profits are essential to all businesses. For one thing they are a very accurate poll of the populace’s tastes, but there are other services some corporations supply to society. Both the Journal and the Times supply—at too high a cost—information that enlightens the citizenry.

36. The journalistic herd’s distress is caused by the Wall Street Journal’s _____.

[A] credibility [B] prejudice [C] conformism [D] professionalism

37. The Bancroft family purchased the Wall Street Journal to _____.

[A] sell it for a higher price [B] promote the Dow Jones news service

[C] dominate the great newspapers chains [D] influence American civic life

38. It can be inferred from the passage that great newspapers _____ .

[A] have to engage in a form of sensationalism [B] make a bigger profit than local papers

[C] supply much news and analysis [D] refuse to accept the error of the journalistic herd

39. The author says “I discovered hypocrisy” (Last line, Paragraph 4), because _____ .

[A] the Times was involved in corruption [B] the Times was becoming profit-driven

[C] the Times was attacking the Journal [D] the Journal was in financial difficulty

40. The author seems to believe that all the newspapers should _____.

[A] maxmize the profit [B] satisfy the public’s tastes [C] provide social services [D] inform the readers at a high cost

Part B

Directions：

The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs int0 a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them int0 the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

In 1959 the average American family paid $ 989 for a year’s supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one –third. Every family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?

Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer’s share of the $1,311 spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 percent more than the farmer had received in 1959.

But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores where food is sold. 41) __________.

Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $ 790, which was 33 percent more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen’s profit has increased more than farmer’s. But some economists claim that the middleman’s actual profit was very law. According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were making a profit of more than 5 per cent.42) __________ .

43) __________ .

Vegetables and chicken cost more when they have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to pay more when several “TV dinners” are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals, consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put into the over and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs money. 44) __________.

Economists remind us many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy for cooking after a day’s work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her family’s table easily and quickly. 45) __________ .

It appears that the answer to the question for rising prices is not a simple one. Producers, consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.

A) Thus, as economists point out:” Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor’s plant.”

B) They are among the “middlemen” who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?

C) “If the housewife wants all of these.” The economists say, “that is her privilege, but she must be prepared to pay for the services of the those who make her work easier.”

D) Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer to give housewives, but many people will not like it. These economists blame the housewife herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don’t want to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared before it reaches the market.

E) However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment.

F) Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.

G) By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.

Part C

Directions：

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments int0 Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhi’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (2)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and,(4)indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (5)I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”

Section Ⅲ Writing

Part A

51.Directions

One of your students, Li Ming, wants to study for the Master’s Degree under the supervision of Professor Smith in an oversea university, you are asked to write a letter of recommendation for him in about 100 words.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.

You do not need to write the address.

Part B

52. Directions：

Write an essay of 160——200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay， you should

1) describe the drawing briefly，

2) explain it‘s intended meaning， and

3) give your comments.

Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

答案

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D

11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C

总体分析

本文讲述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张计划的内容及影响，着重阐述了这一计划的支持者(警察和财政部门)和反对者(机动车管理机构)的观点。

全文翻译

一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系，这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000万收入。机动车管理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税，从而疏远很多驾驶者。也可能出现更多破坏摄像机的事件。警告出现的同时，《每日邮报》的调查发现英格兰和威尔士的23支警力几乎都有所行动，不是致力于部署监控体系的扩张计划，就是在考虑加入其中。

预计(在实施监控系统后)全国范围内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍，罚金数目一年达9000万。按照计划，警察保留一部分罚金用以支付安装和维修新摄像机的费用，并且保证现有的摄像机中总是装有胶卷。其余的罚金将上缴财政部。财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该计划的目的是提高公路的安全性。他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故减少了四分之一，严重伤亡事故减少至一半。

但是机动车管理机构担心警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对安全但行车速度较快的直行道上，还会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准，如把正常的每小时10英里限速提高到每小时15英里，每小时20英里限速提高到每小时26英里。这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上，从而引发更多的交通事故。英国皇家汽车俱乐部(RAC)活动负责人休。尼科尔森说，“严格上说，我们对车速监控摄像机并无意见，我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点。如果把监控摄像机视为(政府)聚敛财政收入的手段而不是安全设施，那么警察就可能丧失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信”。

Text 1

Vocabulary

1.relish 从……获得乐处，享受

2.orgy 狂欢，放纵

3.arena 竞技场，活动或斗争的场所

4.blood-thirsty 残忍的，嗜血的

5.bear-baiting 逗熊游戏

6.bull-fight 斗牛

7.batter 猛击，连续地猛打/捶，乱打

8.pulp 成纸浆，成软块

9.burst into flames 突然燃烧起来/着火

10.grim 令人窒息的，简陋的

11.coop up 把……关起来

写作方法与文章大意

作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”，前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例，最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤，法律才能施以巨大的文明影响，否则人类很难改变。

参考答案：AADBA

Text2

答案：DCBAB

词汇注释

stuff 物质

preamble 开端

nook and cranny 排列

potency 力量

susceptible 易受感染的

predisposition 易患病的体质

难句讲解

1. They know that human DNA acts like a biological computer program some 3 billion bits long that spells out the instructions for making proteins， the basic building blocks of life.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“They know that…”。they 指的是前面句子中提到的scientists;第一个引导的是宾语从句，some 3 billion bits long修饰computer program，第二个that也修饰computer program;the basic building blocks of life是在解释proteins.

2. Anderson， who pioneered the first successful human gene-therapy operations， is leading the campaign to put information about DNA to use as quickly as possible in the treatment and prevention of human diseases.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“Anderson is leading the campaign…”。Who引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰Anderson;to put information…短语修饰campaign，其中的to use…作目的状语。

3. DNA in their hands has become both a blueprint and a drug， a pharmacological substance of extraordinary potency that can treat not just symptoms or the diseases that cause them but also the imperfections in DNA that make people susceptible to a disease.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“DNA has become both a blueprint and a drug”。in their hands修饰DNA;a pharmacological substance…是在解释前面的drug，其中的第一个that 引导的定语从句修饰pharmacological substance;第二个that引导的定语从句修饰imperfections.

4. And if scientists determine that a vital protein is missing because the gene that was supposed to make it is defective， they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein.

[简析] 本句话的主干是“…they might be able to give the patient an artificial version of the protein”。If引导的是条件状语从句，其中的第一个that引导的是宾语从句，because引导的时原因状语从句;第二个that引导的定语从句修饰gene.

Text 3

1.[A]

该词意为：相容的，相一致的。

2.[B] 意为：你与其他申请者具有同等被雇佣的机会。

参阅第二段。

3.[C]

根据第四段第四句，商洽阶段包括反应能力、热情，知道什么时候陈述关键信息，要表现得诚恳，强调自己的优点，注意倾听。

4.[B]

根据第六段，如果获得第二次面试的机会，你应该利用第一次面试时的笔记和反馈信息，集中找出公司需要什么(即：需要什么样的人)。

5.[A] 意为：如何安排好一次面试。

文章的前三段提到了如何准备面试，第四、五段提到了面试期间应该如何做，最后几段提到了面试后 (以及被录用后)应该怎么办。全文主要是对参加面试的人提出建议。

Text 4

答案：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C

核心词汇与超纲词汇

(1)passing(a.)暂时的，瞬间的，一时之兴的;经过的，过往的

(2)herd(n.)兽群;人群，芸芸众生，the common ~普通百姓，follow the ~随大流

(3)journalistic(a.)新闻业的，新闻工作(者)的;journalist新闻工作者

(4)ongoing(a.)持续存在的，仍在进行的;不断发展的

(5)distressing(a.)悲伤的，使痛苦的，使烦恼的

(6)strike sb as sth.给(某人以……)印象，让(某人)觉得，如His reaction struck me as odd(他的反应令我诧异)。

(7)conformist(n.)墨守成规的人

(8)bottom line要旨，基本论点;最重要的原则，最后的底线

(9)conceive(v.)(of sth. As sth.)(主义、计划等)构想，想象，设想

(10)ownership(n.)所有权，产权;物主身份，东家

(11)entity(n.)实体

(12)circular(n.)传单，广告，文件，公告

(13)break(v.)透露，传开，如There was a public outcry when the scandal broke(丑闻一传开，舆论一片哗然)。

(14)enlighten (v.)启发，启蒙，教导，授予...知识，开导

全文翻译

《华尔街日报》一直以来作为世界上非常可靠的新闻信息来源而存在，它拒绝顺从新闻群体中出现的暂时的偏见和错误。自然，该日报因为它令人苦恼的独立性不断受到新闻群体的攻击。但是这种批评很少是直截针对日报的，而是对社论版因循守旧的立场的攻击，这种攻击被墨守陈规者视为侮辱同时也是引起新闻群体烦恼的真正原因。更确切的说，批评的矛头指向了日报的基本原则，它疲软的股价以及控制日报的班克罗夫特家族不悦并即将出售它的传闻。

有关班克罗夫特家族不悦的传闻被极大的渲染并很快遭到了驳斥。因为其祖先克莱伦斯•巴伦于1902年收购了该日报和道琼斯新闻服务而骄傲的班克罗夫特家族，设想自己成为“公共信任”的所有者。班克罗夫特家族控制报界的这些实体的律师兼托管人罗伊•哈默也这样描述它们的所有权意识。这并不是什么特别罕见的事。大报纸在美国市民生活中总是发挥重要的作用。我说的是“大报纸”，是严肃的报纸，那一类把收集新闻看做比报道耸人听闻的消息更大报纸。

目前，这个国家里大多数真正有利可图的报纸基本是购物广告，在不专门用于商业街销售的页面上印有一些廉价的新闻。大的报业集团接管地方报业，解雇新闻记者，然后尽力用更多的广告填充版面。它们也提供服务：让读者了解“巨人”牌鸡肉或者CVS的雪地防滑轮胎的价格。但是越来越少的地方报纸提供较多的新闻和分析，大报纸则提供，而且在我所了解的范围内，没有一家赚到大笔的钱。

大报纸确实帮助国家安排议程。它们揭露受贿或其他重大事件。我发现《纽约时报》令人钦佩的一点是：控制该报纸的苏兹贝格家族没有致力于从它的旗舰报纸中榨取每一美分的利润。因此，上周当我在《时报》上读到一篇对《华尔街日报》疲软的财政表现的管理的批评时，我发现了伪善。

这种伪善更多地来自自由派批评保守派，因为他们声称热爱“万能的美金”。对于所有企业来说，利润都是最本质的。首先它非常准确地反映了大众的品味，但是也有一些其他的服务是需要新闻机构提供给社会的。《日报》和《时报》都以过高的代价提供启迪公民的信息。

part B

BGDAC

part C

总体分析

本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场;其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。

本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句，等。

试题精解

1.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译。

该句是由but连接的两个并列分句：前一分句是简单句，后一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的主干是he claimed that...，其中that引导宾语从句。从句中形容词短语capable of...做后置定语，修饰名词a technique, a method。该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，即，“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆译法，译为一个句子，增译代词“它”做主语。

词汇：claim意为“宣称，声称，说”;definite意为“肯定的，确定的;清楚的，明显的”，它和technique搭配时取“明显的”含义;desired意为“渴望的，期望的”，当它和results/effect等词搭配时常常译为“预期的”。

翻译：其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧，一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。

2.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。

该句的主干结构是：the method... was a sort of warfare。主语the method后有两个后置定语：一个是省略关系代词的定语从句Gandhi proposed and practiced;另一个是过去分词短语first evolved in...。如果把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长，不符合汉语表达习惯。因此可把第一个定语前置，第二个定语转译为谓语。而真正的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真正的主语。表语a sort of warfare后是一个较长的同位语a way of defeating...。其中介词短语of...做后置定语修饰名词a way，翻译时应前置。

词汇：practice意为“练习，训练;经常做;从事”等，在本句中与propose(提出)对应译为“付诸实践”。evolve意为“逐渐形成;进化”，但它在本句中不能将基本含义照搬，而应意译为“起源于(南非)”。warfare意为“作战，战争;斗争，冲突”等，根据上下文，该词应增译为“斗争的方式(方法)”。

翻译：这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。

3.[精解] 本题考核知识点：定语和状语的翻译

该句是and连接的并列句，其主干结构是：Gandhi served as a... and he was prepared...。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作时间状语，修饰谓语served，翻译时应放在句首。“on the British side”做后置定语，修饰stretcher-bearer，应译为前置定语，即，“英方的担架员”。

词汇：serve as sth.意为“(为……)工作，服务，履行义务，尽职责”;stretcher-bearer指“抬担架者”;on sb.’s side意为“站在某人一边，和某人观点一致”。

翻译：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。

4.[精解] 本题考核知识点：后置定语、主语从句的翻译。

该句的主干是he did not take the... line，介词短语of...做后置定语修饰宾语the line。由于定语太长，应采取拆译法，另起一句。动名词pretending后接有that引导的宾语从句。该从句由两个并列的分句组成：both sides are... and it makes...，后一分句中it为形式主语，从句who wins为真正的主语，汉语中不存在这种语法形式，因此可以直接将从句内容译为主语。

词汇：line一词的含义较多，但在本句中的含义是“态度，看法”;fruitless意为“没有成果的，无成效的，徒然的”;pretend意为“假装”，本句中它后面跟有从句，应增译为“假装说”。

翻译：而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。

5.[精解] 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译

该句的主干是I must say，后面是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主从复合句。主句是I have never heard an honest answer，其谓语和宾语之间插入了一个状语成分，翻译时可放在句首或谓语之前，译为“从任何一个西方和平主义者那里我从未听说过”或“我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听说过”。though引导转折状语从句，其中介词短语of...做后置定语，修饰宾语evasions，可译为前置定语，也可另起一句。

词汇：evasion意为“躲避，逃避;借口，托词”，根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“逃避的说法”等。

翻译：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。