On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.

【词汇突破】agony 痛苦

despair 绝望

prolong 延长

【主干识别】many acknowledge that +宾语从句 (many 作为代词表示很多人，或者很多个体)

【其他成分】On another level 做状语和in the medical community做定语;the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients为宾语从句主干;

特别提示：fuel本来意思是燃料，但是这里可以理解为由于，因为，加剧的意思;

为了以后阅读理解更透彻，可以直接把结构

A is fueled by B 理解为：

A是结果;B是原因

例句：

China’s success is fueled by the age of globlization.

【微观解析】in part宾语从句中的状语，for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.定语从句修饰patients; 定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 这个句子中的them 和前面句子中的patients 为相同名词，因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句，但是在翻译的时候是要分译的。

这句话在定语从句的前世和今生：

suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients.

The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.

(两个句子中出现了共有的名词patients 和 them,于是them 被换成了whom ;for whom 一并提前。)

【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之间，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之间。

【译文赏析】在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人士承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论，部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对病人来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的生理的痛苦。

【写作】On another level，many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacles on their job hunting way.

7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.

【词汇突破】illustrate 例证;

in terms of 根据，以…为依据;

【主干识别】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构两个并列的动词

【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom为状语。

【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰状语中的名词science做定语。

【难点揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾，而是放在了中间部分，这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰，但是难点既亮点，我们在写作的过程中就可以灵活的运用：based especially on这样的表达了。

【译文赏析】很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显，并且可以用英国地质学的发展作为例证来说明。

【翻译点拨】把副词放到开头来翻译，正是体现了前面所讲到的副词很多时候就是在修饰整个句子。

8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care.

【词汇突破】 under treatment 治疗不足

aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑衅的 3.有进取精神的;有干劲的 4.大胆的

dishonor 使丢脸,使受耻辱

medical procedures 医疗手段

【主干识别】The report identifies…and…as the twin problems of end--of--life care 主谓宾宾补结构;the under treatment of pain和the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures”that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 为并列的宾语成分。

【微观解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying为定语从句修饰ineffectual and forced medical procedures，定语从句中有两个并列的动词prolong and dishonor做谓语。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的困难之处就在于并列宾语的后半部分加上了一个定语从句进而使identify 和as 之间的距离拉大，产生了阅读障碍。

【译文赏析】报告把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。

报告确定了临终关怀的两个问题，一是对疼痛处理不够，二是大胆的使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的那些无效和强制的医疗手段。

【翻译点拨】这个句子的翻译主要考察对于词的理解：dishonor the period of dying 直接翻译就是:使死亡的阶段受到耻辱。可以转译为：让病人死的不体面。中文是习惯是以人为主体的。还有就是medical procedures 表示医疗手段而不要翻译成医疗过程。

9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.

【词汇突破】inspired 有激发性的

establishment 机构，建立

nonetheless 但是

case 事实,实情

【主干识别】The notion would seem merely silly. 主系表结构

【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位语从句修饰notion;主干为that learning should have an element of inspired play，是主谓结构;in it 为状语。to the greater part of the academic establishment状语。

【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是在主干中加入了状语和同位语从句使句子结构变得复杂。很多同学会对but 和 nonetheless 连用感到困惑。两个句子之间是需要连词连接的，but是连词，起连接两个句子的作用。

但是两个句子之间的转折关系并不是像but所表达的那样强烈，前后两句之间为“部分肯定”的转折关系，因此使用nonetheless 转折副词，表明转折的意味并不强烈。这里的but也可以换为and。

【译文赏析】大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是这样的事情确实常常发生的。

【翻译点拨】】把状语翻译为中文中的主谓结构，我们也可以翻译为：“对于大多数的学术机构而言”，但是翻译为中文的主谓结构更简洁，that is the case 如果翻译为这就是事实，没有能表达出准确的句意。就正如迈克尔杰克逊的纪念电影this is it我们翻译为:就是这样。

10. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.

【词汇突破】argue for 支持

argue against 反对

on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表

career prospects 就业前景

radical 彻底的，根本的，激进的

【主干识别】An invisible border divides those and those. 主谓宾结构

【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 现在分词短语分别修饰两个those 作后置定语。

【微观解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects相当于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects

【难点揭秘】divide those …and those…在两个those后面加上了很长的修饰成分造成了结构识别的困难。

【译文赏析】一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类：一类人是从学生的职业前景从发思考的，另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。

【翻译点拨】在翻译的过程中，我们把arguing for computers in the classroom放到了those 前作汉语中的前置定语再把过长的定语部分单独成句，这样更符合中文的表达习惯。)