56. Surely there is no more commanding moral imperative for people in the west than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest.

【词汇突破】imperative 必须的，必须做的事，原则(常见的是形容词性，但是这里是名词表示必须做的事)

commanding 急迫的，紧迫的

urge 敦促

relief 援助

【主干识别】there is no more commanding moral imperative

【其他成分】for people in the west 状语;than to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest状语。

【微观解析】句中的比较对象为：any moral imperative 和to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest;

比较内容为：commanding 急迫;

比较结果为：to urge each other, and their governments, to bring relief to the world’s poorest最为急迫.

【难点解析】确定出比较的三要素是这个句子理解的难点，加上no以后就确定出than之后的内容是最高级。

【译文赏析】毫无疑问，对西方人来说，没有什么道德标准要比相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地

区带来救助更重要的了。

或：毫无疑问，对西方人来说相互督促和督促国家给世界上最穷困的地区带去救助是最重要的道德原则。

57.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

【词汇突破】maximize:最大化

Coupled with：加上(combined with的同义替换)

【主干识别】it is the demand that determine 加宾语从句。

【其他成分】in the American economic system状语;coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes非谓语作状语，提取主干为 coupled with the desire and the desire;it is the demand that determine what…可还原为 the demand determines what…;what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it宾语从句。

【微观解析】这个强调句型运用it is+被强调部分+that…的结构强调主语，并且利用非谓语的伴随结构使得主干分离开来。

【难点揭秘】找出强调句中被强调的部分并且还原出原句。

【译文赏析】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

58. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles，or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes.

【词汇突破】lawsuit 法律诉讼

compendsate 赔偿

warn of 警告

liable 负责

juries 陪审团

【主干识别】or连接两个并列的句子前一句主干为：a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles.后一句为：the thinking has gone has gone so.

【其他成分】第一句：luckily状语;if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster状语;

第二句：since the early 1980s, 状语;when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes定语从句修饰the early 1980s.

【微观解析】when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’ misfortunes定语从句中holding所接宾语为一独立主格结构相当于一个名词，其完整形式是：More companies are liable for their customers’ misfoutunes，其中are 变为being ,being再被省去，详细内容可以参看独立主格的讲解。

【难点揭秘】这个句子难点就是so 在句子中的位置发生了改变，到了or 后面，而刚好 or so 是一个熟悉的短语可以修饰1980’s是很有可能误解为：the thinking has gone，这样句子的意思就反生了完全的改变。

【译文赏析】幸运的是，如果门垫或者是火炉没有能警告即将到来的灾难，你可以通过一场成功的法律诉讼来赔偿你的麻烦。从1980年代的早期开始人们的想法就是这样的了，那时候法庭认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担更多的责任。

59. Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project, wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery would almost certainly bring the single market to a shuddering halt.

【词汇突破】recriminations相互指责，吵架; 反诉; 揭丑;

例句：Their relationship deteriorates into an endless cycle of squabbling , jealousy and recriminations.

他们的关系陷入争吵、嫉妒、指责的恶性循环

Treaty 合约和条约;

Periphery边缘; 圆周; 外围; 边缘地带

Shuddering发抖的，震动的

Halt 停止

【主干识别】wild currency swings would bring the single market to a shuddering halt.

【其他成分】Amid the recriminations and broken treaties after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project, 状语

between those in the core and those in the periphery定语

【微观解析】介词短语：介词Amid +名词1the recriminations and名词2 broken treaties

介词短语中的定语 after the failure of the European Union’s biggest economic project,

【难点揭秘】长状语置于句首造成主干识别的困难，主语过长造成了翻译的难点。

【译文赏析】在欧盟最大的经济计划破产后的一片指责和违约之中，货币在欧盟核心国家和边缘国家中肆意动荡，这足以使欧元区的单一市场走向毁灭。

【翻译点拨】将主语wild currency swings between those in the core and those in the periphery翻译为一个句子将名词swings 转译为动词。

60. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

【词汇突破】census 人口普查

deveolop 出现

【主干识别】the picture is emerging

【其他成分】from the 1980 census状语;of a nation developing more and more regional competition定语修饰picture;as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill状语从句。

【难点揭秘】倒装的识别

【译文赏析】从1980年的人口普查中，出现了这样一个情况，当东北部和中西部地区的人口增长几乎停止的时候，这个国家地区间的竞争就变得的越来越激烈了。