41. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.

【词汇突破】Futurist：未来主义

with regard to：关于(替换词：with respect to，in the light of,in terms of )

【主干识别】the case is rather difficult 加原因状语从句

【其他成分】With regard to Futurist poetry状语;for it can hardly be classed as Literature.原因状语从句;whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right原因状语从句中的让步状语从句。

【微观解析】 whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right中，even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right在句中充当状语，admmiting 后接宾语从句，主干为the theory may be right，on which it is based作定语修饰the theory，it 指代futurist poetry。

这个句子的难点还在于whatever的用法。whatever的字典释义为：

(1)代词(pron.) ①任何(事物), 每样(事物) ②无论什么, 不管什么③(用于问句，表示惊讶或困惑)到底是什么，究竟是什④(用于回应，表示不在乎或不感兴趣)或许吧，无所谓 ⑤(表示不在乎，什么都可接受)什么都可以

(2)形容词(adj.)①任何, 什么……

(3)副词 (adv.)① 任何② 一点儿都(不);丝毫(不);什么都(没有)③不管发生什么。

whatever的用法主要有以下两点需要关注：

(1)引导名词性从句，相当于anything that，意思是“所……的任何事情”，在语气上比what更加强调。例：

Whatever she did was right. 她所做的一切都是对的。

Take whatever you want. 你想要什么就拿什么吧。

(2)引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what，意思是“无论什么”，“不管什么”，whatever在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。例：

Whatever happens，you mustn’t lose your heart.

无论发生什么事情，你都不要丧失信心。(作主语)

Whatever you do，do it well.

无论你做什么事情都要把它做好。(作宾语)

Whatever I am，it is useful to know foreign languages.

无论我干什么，懂几门外语总是有用的。(作表语)

You have to go on whatever difficulties you meet.

不管遇到什么困难你都得进行下去。(作定语)

【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点在于结构复杂的状语从句，在状语中还加入了处理的办法是先将句子简化，理解之后再逐渐加入其他的成分，这也是长难句的通常解决办法

【译文赏析】然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么——就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的——这种形式也很难被归入文学。

42. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

【词汇突破】apart from 除开;相当于besides; in addition to 的意思。

promote 促销

Parliament：议会

live up to：不辜负，在翻译时常处理为符合

【主干识别】no regular advertiser dare promote a product 加定语从句

【其他成分】Apart from the fact 介词结构作状语;that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising同位语从句对fact的进一步阐释;that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements定语从句，修饰product。

【难点揭秘】这句话的主干较为清晰，复杂的地方在于多重的否定。我们可以找到no和fail这两个具有否定意思的词，根据汉语知识可知双重否定为肯定，这样一来句意就会清楚很多。对于否定词的敏感度不够会造成歧义。状语部分的识别也有一定难度、

【译文赏析】除去议会用来规范广告的第27条法案的限制之外，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种不符合其广告承诺的商品。

【翻译点拨】对于live up to 的翻译用到的是常见的反译法的技巧，反译法即正话反说，来表达相同的意思。如：.I lay awake all night.(我一夜没合眼.。) He never lies.(他每次都说真话。)

43.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because

they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.

【词汇突破】 detect ：检测，侦查

massive：巨大的，大规模的(写作中可用到的替换词)

【主干识别】The notion is that 加表语从句

【其他成分】people have failed to detect the massive changes 表语从句(表语从句是对主语的阐释。);which have happened in the ocean 定语从句，修饰为changes;because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past原因状语从句。

【微观解析】句子的主干是The notion is that+表语从句，而定语从句则是修饰表语从句中的一个词，因此在理解翻译时需要注意主次关系。对于fail这一类带有否定意味的词可直接作为not来理解。relatively 修饰short .

【难点揭秘】原句中的从句较多，需要有层次的去理解，

【译文赏析】意思就是说人们没有发现海里发生的巨大变化，因为他们只看了过去相对较短的一段时间。

【翻译点拨】对于The notion is的处理可以是 意思是说…,或者，人们认为……

44.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.

【词汇突破】inflation：膨胀，通货膨胀

general commodity-price inflation

global excess demand：全球过旺需求(金融类的词汇)

【主干识别】One more reason is that 加表语从句

【其他成分】not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices：不定式做定语修饰reason。这里需要注意的是不定式的否定是在to前面加not;unlike the rises in the 1970s插入语，它将表语从句的连接词与后面的部分隔离开来;it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand表语从句，主干为it has not occurred against the background。

【微观解析】这个句子的特点在于修饰成分较多进而将句子的主干隔离开来，因此对于各种修饰成分应该有极高的辨识能力。

【难点揭秘】零散的句式成为阻碍理解的因素，尤其是表语从句的冗长。

【译文赏析】另外一个不因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次涨价不像70年代的那些次上涨，它并不是在普遍的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的

45.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames

begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

【词汇突破】discrimination：歧视

alphabet：字母表

【主干识别】This refers to discrimination against those加定语从句

【其他成分】for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage：插入语，可改写为：for those who are unaware of such a disadvantage as yet理解起来会方便很多;as yet至今;whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet定语从句。

【微观解析】若是对于句中的插入语理解起来有困难，不妨试着改变它的句式结构，将长定语还原为定语从句，而这种方法的逆向思维可以与写作相结合，使文章的句式更加灵活多变。

【难点揭秘】较长插入语的出现会混淆视听，不容易把握主干。

【译文赏析】对于那些还不了解这种危害的人来说，它指的是对姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部分的人的歧视