Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

A father is busy putting decorations on to the Christmas tree but as quickly as he puts them on his two-year-old son pulls them off. He is about to put the child in a play pen when his wife suggests that it might make more sense to put the tree in the play pen and leave the child outside. Instead of keeping the child away from the tree one can keep the tree away from the child. (1)Lateral thinking involves moving sideways to look at things in a different way. Instead of fixing on one particular approach and then working forward from that the lateral thinker tries to find other approaches.

You can not dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper. (2)A committee that is convinced that parking meters are the only way to control city parking will spend its time deciding what meters to use, where to put them and how to patrol them.A lateral thinker would look at other approaches: letting people park anywhere they liked so long as they left their headlights on; giving people licenses which would allow them to park free in town only one day a week and so encouraging car sharing; visible licenses that the motorist would pay for if he wanted to park anywhere in town.

(3)Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that. This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what is accepted as traditional. Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.

(4)Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes this. Lateral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at things.Lateral thinking is the practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). (5)Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysis-and more important for changing ideas.

父亲忙着往圣诞树上挂装饰品，刚挂上，两岁的儿子就给扯了下来。他正要把孩子放进游戏围栏里，他的妻子却建议说，也许把圣诞树放在围栏里而让孩子在外面更好些。 不让孩子靠近树，倒不如把树放到孩子够不着的地方。 (1)横向思维就是从侧面换个角度看问题。进行这种思维的人不是把注意力固定在某一方面上并按此行动而是试试是否还有其他方法。

你把洞挖得再深也不等于你另挖一个洞。(2)如果有一个委员会确信只有使用停车计时器才能控制市内存车，那么它就会花时间去考虑使用何种计时器，计时器装在何处及如何检查这些问题。横向思维者则会考虑其他解决办法，如只要人们打开车灯，他们愿把车停在哪儿都行;发给他们停车许可证，允许他们一周只有一天可在城里免费停车，这样可鼓励人们合用车;或是发行一种张贴于车窗上的许可证，驾车人买了它就可在城里任何地方停车。

(3)我们传统的思考方式牢固建立在逻辑推理上。我们往往从某一角度考察问题，然后看看从中能推断出什么。这种方式可称为纵向思维，因为它以公认为确立的东西做基础。纵向思维倾向于利用已有观念而横向思维倾向于改变观念。

(4)我们思考问题往往不是处于理性阶段，而是理性阶段之前的感性阶段。横向思维要改变观念，找到观察问题的新方法。横向思维是进行创造的时间过程。有各种考虑问题的方法，如利用垫脚石(举个例子，把通常情况反过来考虑)。(5)横向思维把创造力变成一种工具。在像大脑这样按固定方式工作的系统里，刺激和分析一样重要 --在改变观念上，刺激更为重要。