2014年考研英语试题及答案(4)
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
U. S.-led occupation authorities have begun a secret campaign to recruit and train agents with the once-dreaded Iraqi intelligence service to help identify resistance to American forces here after months of increasingly sophisticated attacks and bombings, according to U.S.. and Iraqi officials.
The extraordinary move to recruit agents of former president’s security services demonstrates a growing recognition among U.S. officials that American military forces—already stretched thin—cannot alone prevent attacks like the devastating truck bombing of the U.N. headquarters recently, the officials said.
Authorities have stepped up the recruitment over the past two weeks, one senior U.S. official said, despite sometimes firm objections by members of the U.S.-appointed Iraqi Governing Council, who complain that they have too little control over the pool of recruits. While U.S. officials acknowledge the sensitivity of cooperating with a force that embodied the ruthlessness of the overthrown president’s rule, they assert that an urgent need for better and more precise intelligence has forced unusual compromises.
“The only way you can combat terrorism is through intelligence,” the senior official said. “It’s the only way you’re going to stop these people from doing what they’re doing.” He added: “Without Iraqi input, that’s not going to work.”
Officials are reluctant to disclose how many former agents have been recruited since the effort began. But Iraqi officials say they number anywhere from dozens to a few hundred, and U.S. officials acknowledge that the recruitment is extensive.
“We’re reaching out very widely,” said one official with the U.S.-led administration, who like most spoke on condition of anonymity because of sensitivity over questions of intelligence and sources.
Added a Western diplomat: “There is an obvious evolution in American thinking. First the police are reconstituted, then the army. It is logical that intelligence officials from the regime would also be recruited.”
Officials say the first line of intelligence-gathering remains the Iraqi police, who number 6,500 in Baghdad and 33,000 nationwide. But that force is hampered in intelligence work by a lack of credibility with a belief-broken public, and its numbers remain far below what U.S. officials say they need to bring order to an unruly capital. Across Iraq, walk-in informers have provided tips on weapons hidings and locations of suspected guerrillas, but many Iraqis dismiss those reports as occasional and sometimes motivated by a desire for personal gain.
The emphasis in recruitment appears to be on the intelligence service known as the Mukhabarat, one of four branches in the former security service, although it is not the only target for the U.S. effort. The Mukhabarat, whose name itself inspired fear in ordinary Iraqis, was the foreign intelligence service, the most sophisticated of the four.
1. America’s attitude towards Iraqi intelligence was one of _____
[A] disgust [B] hatred [C] fear [D] resent
2. The word “devastating” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _____
[A] destructive [B] regretful [C] frustrating [D] terrible
3. The U.S. officials consider the nature of the recruitments of former security services _____
[A] give-ins to the bombing
[B] setbacks of US-led administration
[C] examples of US-Iraqi cooperation
[D] compromises of some kind
4. Which of the following is true regarding the recruitment of the intelligence?
[A] The new-release people are unwilling to tell anything about themselves.
[B] It is just a preparatory step for the reconstruction of the Iraqi armed forces.
[C] The western world as a whole dislikes the idea of reconstruction in this way.
[D] An obvious connection exists in the reconstructions of the army and the police.
5. A large part of the Iraqi people hold information about weapon hidings as _____
[A] fear-inspired [B] money-driven
[C] unreliable [D] sophisticated
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B
总体分析
本文是一篇关于以美国为首的占领当局招募前伊拉克情报局的特工的报道。
第一段:介绍该招募行动的起因。
第二段:指出该招募行动的意义。
第三、四段:美高级官员声称该招募行动是为了打击恐怖主义而做出的妥协。
第五、六段:政府官员不愿意透露这项行动的具体情况。
第七段:指出其他西方国家将这一举措看作是美国人思想进步的表现。
第八段:介绍目前伊拉克情报收集的不良状况。
第九段:介绍招募行动的重点部门。
试题精解
1.美国对伊拉克情报的态度是 _____
[A]厌恶 [B]仇恨 [C]恐惧 [D]怨恨
[精解] 本题考查事实细节。第一段提到,以美国为首的占领当局已经开始了一项秘密的活动,招募并培训曾在使人们胆战心惊(once-dreaded)的伊拉克情报局工作过的特工。选项中四个词都是贬义词,与dread最接近的含义是[C]恐惧。
2. 第二段第三行的单词“devastating”最接近的含义是_____。
[A] 破坏性的 [B] 惋惜的
[C] 令人沮丧的 [D] 可怕的
[精解] 本题考查词义理解。“devastating”一词出现在第二段末句,形容最近发生在联合国办事处的汽车炸弹爆炸事件的特点。该句指出,美国官员逐渐认识到过度分散的美国军队已无力独自承担防止这种事件的发生。第一段提到这类爆炸事件时,用了“策划日益精密(increasingly sophisticated)”来形容。由此可见,这类爆炸事件是极具破坏性的,因此引起了美国当局的极大重视。[A]正确,[D]表达含义太泛。
3.美国官员认为对前安全机构的招募的性质是 _____。
[A] 向爆炸事件的屈服
[B] 以美国为首的占领当局遇到的挫折
[C] 美国和伊拉克合作的事例
[D] 某种程度的妥协
[精解] 本题考查事实细节。第三段末句提到,虽然美官员们承认与伊拉克情报局的特工合作是一件敏感的事,但由于迫切需要更好的、更精确的情报,不得不做出一些不寻常的妥协(compromises)。因此[D]正确。[A]give-ins是原文compromises的同义表达,但to the bombing是错误的。招募行为是美国为对付恐怖主义采取的新举措,而不是遇到的挫折。排除[B]。由于是招募伊拉克特工为美国所用,因此不能看作是美伊两国之间的合作,排除[C]。
4.下面哪一个是关于招募情报人员的正确说法?
[A] 新近释放的特工不愿意透露他们自己的任何事情。
[B] 这只是筹备重建伊拉克武装部队的一个步骤。
[C] 整个西方世界都不喜欢以这种方式重建的想法。
[D] 在军队和警察部队的重建中存在一种明显的关联性。
[精解] 本题考查推理引申。第五段首句提到,政府官员不愿意公开自招募行动开始后有多少前机构的特工加入。[A]中“新近释放的特工(new-release people)”指的就是该句中的“前机构的特工(former agent)”。[A]中are unwilling to tell与该句中的reluctant to disclose是同义表达。第七段引用一位西方外交官的话指出,无论是之前的“重建警察部队”和“重建军队”,还是现在的“招募情报官员”都是美国人思想进步的表现。因此“招募情报官员”是重建伊拉克武装部队的具体内容,而非筹备活动,排除[B]。西方世界持的是肯定态度,排除[C]。该段没有提到“重建警察部队”和“重建军队”之间的联系,排除[D]。
5. 大部分伊拉克人认为有关武器藏匿的消息 _____。
[A] 会引起人们的恐惧 [B] 是受金钱驱使的
[C] 是不可靠的 [D] 是复杂的
[精解] 本题考查推理引申。第八段末句提到,很多伊拉克人认为有关武器藏匿的情报偶尔才能得到,而且有时是一些人为获得个人利益而出卖这些情报的。[B]是该句中motivated by a desire for personal gain的改写,因此是正确项。
核心词汇或超纲词汇
(1)stretch(v.)拉长,撑大;伸展,舒展;延伸,绵延
(2)reconstitute(v.)重新构成,重新制定
(3)regime (n.)政体,制度,政权
(4)credibility(n.)可信性,可靠性
(5)unruly (a.)难控制的,无法无天的,任性的
(6)walk-in(a.)大得能走进去的;未经预约的,无需事先约定的,如:a ~ interview(未经预约的访谈)
全文翻译
据美国和伊拉克的官员透露,在持续几个月发生了策划日益精密的袭击和爆炸事件后,以美国为首的占领当局已经开始了一项秘密的活动,招募并培训曾在使人们胆战心惊的伊拉克情报局工作过的特工,以帮助确认对美国军队的抵制行为。
官员们还说,这次不同寻常的招募前总统安全机构的特工表明美国官员逐渐认识到,过度分散的美国军队已无力独自承担防止这种最近发生在联合国办事处的大规模杀伤性汽车炸弹爆炸事件。
一位美高级官员说,过去两周内美国当局已经加速了招募行动,尽管有时遭到美国任命的伊拉克执政委员会成员的强烈反对。这些成员抱怨他们招募这批特工的权利太小。虽然美官员们承认与代表被推翻的前总统的残暴统治的军队合作是一件敏感的事,但他们也声称,由于迫切需要更好的、更精确的情报,不得不做出一些不寻常的妥协。
这位美高级官员说,“打击恐怖主义的唯一办法就是利用情报。这是唯一可以阻止那些人停止他们正在做的事情的办法。”他补充到,“没有伊拉克成员的加入,这个办法就无法发挥作用。”
政府官员不愿意公开自招募行动开始后有多少前机构的特工加入。但是伊拉克官员说该数量从几十到几百不等,美国官员则承认是大规模的招募。
“我们触及的范围非常广,” 美国为首的占领当局的一名官员说。由于情报和信息来源等敏感性问题,该官员喜欢在匿名的条件下发言。
一位西方外交官补充说:“美国人的思想有明显的进步。”首先是重建警察部队,然后是重建军队。因此,从前政权招募情报官员也是合理的。
官员们声称,一线情报收集人员是伊拉克警方,他们在巴格达的数量达6500,在全国达33000。但是该武装的情报收集工作由于信仰遭到破坏的公众对他们缺乏信任而受阻碍,并且它的数量远低于美国官员所说的使处于混乱状态的首都恢复秩序所需要的数量。在整个伊拉克,事先没有约定的检举者们提供了有关武器藏匿和可疑的游击队据点的情报,但是很多伊拉克人认为这些情报偶尔才能得到,而且有时是一些人为获得个人利益而出卖这些情报的。
招募行动的重点部门是被称之为“秘密警察”的情报机构,它是前安全机构的四个分支机构之一,但它不是美国政府努力的唯一目标。“秘密警察”的名字本身就能在伊拉克平民中引起恐慌,它是外交情报局,四个机构中最高级的部门。
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