2014年考研英语试题及答案(18)
At the start of the year, The Independent on Sunday argued that there were three over-whelming reasons why Iraq should not be invaded: there was no proof that Saddam posed an imminent threat; Iraq would be even more unstable as a result of its liberation; and a conflict would increase the threat posed by terrorists. What we did not know was that Tony Blair had received intelligence and advice that raised the very same points.
Last week’s report from the Intelligence and Security Committee included the revelation that some of the intelligence had warned that a war against Iraq risked an increased threat of terrorism. Why did Mr. Blair not make this evidence available to the public in the way that so much of the alarmist intelligence on Saddam’s weapons was published? Why did he choose to ignore the intelligence and argue instead that the war was necessary, precisely because of the threat posed by international terrorism?
There have been two parliamentary investigations into this war and the Hutton inquiry reopens tomorrow. In their different ways they have been illuminating, but none of them has addressed the main issues relating to the war. The Foreign Affairs Committee had the scope to range widely, but chose to become entangled in the dispute between the Government and the BBC. The Intelligence Committee reached the conclusion that the Government’s file on Saddam’s weapons was not mixed up, but failed to explain why the intelligence was so hopelessly wrong. The Hutton inquiry is investigating the death of Dr. David Kelly, a personal tragedy of marginal relevance to the war against Iraq.
Tony Blair has still to come under close examination about his conduct in the building-up to war. Instead, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, is being fingered as if he were master-minding the war behind everyone’s backs from the Ministry of Defence. Mr. Hoon is not a minister who dares to think without consulting Downing Street first. At all times he would have been dancing to Downing Street’s tunes. Mr. Blair would be wrong to assume that he can draw a line under all of this by making Mr. Hoon the fall-guy. It was Mr. Blair who decided to take Britain to war, and a Cabinet of largely skeptical ministers that backed him. It was Mr. Blair who told MPs that unless Saddam was removed, terrorists would pose a greater global threat—even though he had received intelligence that suggested a war would lead to an increase in terrorism.
Parliament should be the forum in which the Prime Minister is called more fully to account, but Iain Duncan Smith’s support for the war has neutered an already inept opposition. In the absence of proper parliamentary scrutiny, it is left to newspapers like this one to keep asking the most important questions until the Prime Minister answers them.
1. We learn from the first two paragraphs that _____.
[A] the evidence should have been made available to the Parliament
[B] the necessity of war has been exaggerated by the Committee
[C] Blair had purposely ignored some of the intelligence he received
[D] it was The Independent that first revealed the intelligence
2. The author thinks that the Hutton enquiry is _____.
[A] also beside the mark [B] hopelessly wrong
[C] illuminating in its way [D] wide in scope
3. By “chose to become entangled” (Line 4,Paragraph 3), the author implies that _____.
[A] the dispute between the Government and the BBC was unnecessary
[B] the Foreign Affairs Committee had mixed up the argument
[C] it was entirely wrong to carry out such investigations
[D] the Intelligence Committee shouldn’t mix up with the affair
4. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that _____.
[A] most ministers were suspicious of Hoon’s conduct
[B] Hoon will not do anything without consulting Blair
[C] Blair should not divert his responsibility to his Cabinet
[D] MPs think that it is Blair who drags the country into the war
5. What is the author’s attitude towards the Parliament?
[A] Indignant. [B] Skeptical. [C] Inquisitive. [D] Critical.
参考答案
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D
总体分析
本文通过分析介绍英国政府、议会在对伊拉克作战方面的立场及采取的策略,指出政府应对英国卷入战争负责。
第一、二段:从介绍《独立报》对伊拉克不应该受到侵略的原因的分析入手,指出布莱尔已经获得相关内容的情报,却仍然一味强调战争的必要性。
第三段:介绍有关战争的调查,指出它们都没有涉及到关键问题。
第四段:分析指出布莱尔才是使英国卷入战争的罪魁祸首。
第五段:批评议会没有行使其应有的职责。
试题精解
1. 从文章前两段我们可以知道_____。
[A] 本该让议会获得证据
[B] 委员会夸大了战争的必要性
[C] 布莱尔有意忽略他获得的一些情报
[D] 是《独立报》首先公布了这个情报
[精解] 本题考查事实细节。第二段末句以问句的形式指出,布莱尔选择了无视情报而只强调战争的必要性。因此[C]正确。[B]将“布莱尔”换成了“委员会”,是错误的。第一段开始指出,《独立报》提出了伊拉克不应该受到侵略的几点重要原因;该段末句则指出,我们不知道的是布莱尔已经收到了提出以上几点的情报或建议。由此可见,早在《独立报》公布这个情报之前已有其它部门对此作了报道。所以,《独立报》不是第一个公布情报的。[D]错误。文章前两段没有涉及“议会”,排除[A]。
2. 作者认为赫顿调查是_____。
[A] 不准确的,离题的 [B] 严重错误的
[C] 以它自己的方式进行阐述 [D] 涉及范围很广的
[精解] 本题考查作者观点。第三段第二句提到,两项议会调查(其中之一是赫顿调查)用不同的方法进行阐述,但却没有一个涉及到关于这场战争的症结所在。由此可见,作者认为这些调查是不准确的。[A]beside the mark与文中none … has addressed the main issues是同义替换。[B]是该段第四句中对“政府关于萨达姆武器问题的档案”的评价。[C]虽然出现了文中类似的表达,但含义出现了偏差。[D]是该段第三句中对“外事委员会”的评价。
3. 第三段第四行中作者提到“chose to become entangled”的含义是______。
[A] 政府与英国广播公司之间的纠纷是不必要的
[B] 外事委员会使这场争论变得混乱
[C] 进行这样的调查是完全错误的
[D] 情报委员会不应该搀和到这件事中来
[精解] 本题考查推理引申。题干这句话出现在第三段第三句。整个第三段主要围绕“对伊战争的调查”展开论述。该段第二句对两项调查作出评价,指出它们都没有涉及到关系这场战争的症结所在。第三句指出,外事委员会要调查的范围很广,却让自己纠缠于政府和英国广播公司的纠纷之中。由此可见,作者认为“政府与英国广播公司的纠纷”不是关系这场战争的关键性问题,[A]正确。该段中作者没有完全否认“调查”的必要性,排除[C];也没有对调查方(外事委员会或情报委员会)进行批评,排除[B]和[D]。
4. 从第四段可以得知_____。
[A] 大多数部长对胡恩的行为表示怀疑
[B] 胡恩在没有征求布莱尔的意见之前不会做任何事情
[C] 布莱尔不应该将他的责任转交给内阁
[D] 国会议员们认为是布莱尔使国家卷入战争的
[精解] 本题考查事实细节。第四段第三、四句提到,胡恩先生不是一个胆敢不先与唐宁街协商就独自作决定的部长,无论何时他总是合着唐宁街的拍子跳舞。唐宁街是首相的官邸所在,这里指代“英国首相,英国政府”。因此可知[B]正确。该段倒数第二句提到,持很大怀疑态度的部长们组成的内阁支持着布莱尔,[A]将“布莱尔”换成了“胡恩”。该段倒数第二句也提到作者认为是布莱尔使国家卷入战争,[D]将作者的观点转嫁到国会议员们身上,因此错误。[C]文中未提。
5. 作者对待议会的态度是_____。
[A] 愤怒的 [B] 怀疑的 [C] 好奇的 [D] 批评的
[精解] 本题考查推理引申。作者对待议会的看法出现文章最后一段。该段第一句指出,议会本应该要求首相布莱尔作出充分解释,但是议会的领导人却对战争表示支持。该段第二句指出,议会缺乏应有的详细审查,因此一些报纸只好不断向首相提出问题。由此可见,作者批判议会没有行使应有的职责,[D]为正确项。
核心词汇或超纲词汇
(1)imminent(a.)逼近的,即将发生的
(2)alarmist(a.)危言耸听的,骇人的(n.)大惊小怪者
(3)scope(n.)(to do sth.)(做或实现某事的)机会,能力,如:The money will give us the ~ to improve our facilities.(有了这笔钱,我们就能把设备加以改进了。)
(4)mixed up(a.)糊涂的,迷惑不解的
(5)marginal(a.)小的,微不足道的,不重要的;非主体的,边缘的
(6)finger(v.)用手指触摸;(sb. for sth.或sb. as sth.)告发,告密
(7)behind sb’s back背着某人,背地里,私下,如:Have you been talking about me behind my back?(你们是不是在背后说我的闲话?)
(8)neuter(a.)(语言)中性的(v.)使失去作用
(9)inept(a.)不适当的,无能的,笨拙的
(10)beside/off the mark(猜测、陈述等)不准确,相去甚远,离题
全文翻译
年初,《独立报》周日版提出了伊拉克不应该受到侵略的三个压倒一切的理由:一,没有证据证明萨达姆会构成迫在眉睫的威胁;二,伊拉克在“解放”后将变得更加动荡不安;三,冲突将使恐怖主义威胁升级。我们不知道的是托尼·布莱尔已经收到了提出以上几点的情报或建议。
上周从情报和安全委员会收到的报告透露,一些情报人员已经警告说对伊的战争将使恐怖分子的威胁进一步升级。为什么布莱尔没有将这些证据公诸于众,就像他一贯公布那些有关萨达姆武器的耸人听闻的情报一样?为什么他选择了无视情报而只强调战争的必要性正是源于国际恐怖组织的威胁呢?
针对这场战争已有两项议会调查,赫顿调查(注:赫顿是英国终审法院院长)明天将重新开始。它们用不同的方法进行阐述,但却没有一个涉及到关系这场战争的症结所在。外事委员会要调查的范围很广,却选择让自己纠缠于政府和英国广播公司的纠纷之中。情报委员会虽然得出政府关于萨达姆武器问题的档案并非令人迷惑不解的结论,但却没能解释情报为何会如此严重错误。赫顿调查正在调查大卫·凯利博士(英国国防部生化武器专家)的死亡事件,这是一桩与伊拉克战争稍微沾点关系的个人悲剧。
布莱尔仍然得就他的行为是否导致了战争的发生接受严格的调查。相反,国防部长杰夫·胡恩正在被告发,搞得他倒像是国防部里私下操纵战争的主谋一样(事实并非如此)。胡恩先生不是一个胆敢不先与唐宁街协商就独自作决定的部长。无论何时他总是合着唐宁街的拍子跳舞。布莱尔以为通过抓胡恩做替罪羊就可以将所有事情一笔勾销,他是错误的。是布莱尔决定将英国引向战争,而持很大怀疑态度的部长们组成的内阁支持着他。是布莱尔告诉国会议员们(Members of Parliament或MPs),除非萨达姆政权被铲除,否则恐怖主义将对全球造成更大的威胁——尽管他已经得到情报,表明战争将会使恐怖主义升级。
议会应该是首相布莱尔被要求作出更充分的解释的场所,但是伊恩·邓肯·史密斯(英国保守党领袖)对战争的支持使原本已经很无力的反对彻底失去了作用。在议会缺乏应有的详细审查的情况下,像《独立报》这样的报纸只好不断询问最重要的问题直到首相作出回答。
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