2017考研英语语法小讲：it 用于强调结构

在表示强调的结构中，it 可用作先行代词，这种结构的句型如下：It +is/was +被强调的部分+that +其他部分。如果强调的部分是人，可用who, whom 代替that.

例如：

Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。

强调主语：It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.

强调间接宾语：It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.

强调直接宾语：It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.

强调状语：It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.

It was here that I first met him. 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。

(强调状语)

It is the people who are realy powerful.

翻译练习

1)该上课了，快。

It is time for class. Hurry up.

2)从这儿到你们学校远吗??不远，大约一公里。

Is it far from here to your school? ?No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.

3)从我家到颐和园去很近。

It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.

4)(天)正在下雨。

It’s raining now.

5)电灯是爱迪生发明的。

It was Edison who invented the electric light.

6)我认为学习一门外语是很重要的。

I think it important to learn a foreign language.

7)他通常一天读两次英语。

He made it a rule to read English twice a day.

8)从我家去天安门广场坐公共汽车大约要一个小时。

It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.

反意疑问句

反意疑问句相当于“对不对?”“好不好?”“行不行?”，用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加疑问短语，中间用逗号隔开，所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。通常的形式是：肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问，或否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问。

如：

He studies English, doesn’t he?

He doesn’t study English, does he?

They are from America, aren’t they?

They are not from America, are they?

反意疑问句的主要形式：

1.如果主句是be或其他助动词(如can, shall, will 等)，其反意疑问句用同一助动词。

如：

We are late, aren’t we?

You haven’t met my wife, have you?

He can drive a car, can’t he?

They used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) they?

You’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you?

2.如果主语带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定词或半否定词时，因为主句本身具有否定意义，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定式，

如：

We seldom go to the cinema, do we?

Sue almost never worked, did she?

3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”结构，由于”am not” 没有相应的缩略形式，附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I 代替。

如：

I am your friend, aren’t I?

I’m late, aren’t I?

I am a student, aren’t I?

在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.

4. 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.

如：

Sit down, will you?

Have some tea, won’t you?

Open the window, won’t you?

这种句子可以理解为: Will you do something?

如:Will you open the window?

注意：否定的祈使句之后，只能用will.

如：

Don’t forget, will you?

Don’t make so much noise, will you?

5.以Let’s… 开头的祈使句，肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或OK?, 如：

Let’s go back to our seats, shall we?

Let’s not have hot food this time, OK? (all right?)

这种句子可以理解为：Shall we (do something?),

如:Shall we go back to our seats.这样有助于理解和记忆。

注意：Let’s 与Let us 的区别：Let’s包括听话人在内，应用shall we, 而Let us 不包括听话人在内，表示“请你让我们…”，要用will you.

如：

Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we? (表示建议)

Let us watch the news on TV, will you? (表示请求)

6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等时，附加疑问部分则往往与that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。

如：

I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you?

(这句话明显是要问“你是不是知道?”而不是问“我是不是这样认为?”)

I don’t think that you have read the book, have you?

7.当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时，附加疑问既可用have, 也可用do,

如：

You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you?

当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时，附加疑问要用do,

如：

You had a cold yesterday, didn’t you?

They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do they?

8.There be句型的反意疑问句，用there 作主语。

如：

There is something wrong, isn’t there?

There won’t be any trouble, will there? 不会有任何麻烦，是吗?

9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they.

如：

Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they?

英语反意疑问句的回答有点和汉语的相反。但一定要记住：只要回答是肯定的，都用yes，只要回答是否定的，都用no。这在主句是否定句的时候要特别注意。例如：

Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?No, he can’t.

琼斯先生不会讲法语，对吗??对，他不会讲法语。

Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he? ?Yes, he can.

琼斯先生不会讲法语，对吗??不，他会讲法语。

This is not a door, is it? -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.

这不是门，对吗??不，这是门。是扇铁门。