条件;环境;气候

circumstance

常用复数，尤其指经济状况

domestic ~s家庭经济状况

condition

常用复数

1、特指居住、工作或做事的环境，条件

children living under the most appalling ~s生活在最恶劣环境下的儿童

2、影响某事发生的物质环境

The plants grow best in damp ~s.这种植物最适合在潮湿的环境下生长。

environment

1、特指自然环境

measures to protect the ~保护环境的措施

2、指个体或事物行为发展的客观环境，强调产生的影响

Home ~ can affect a child‘s behaviour.家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。

situation

强调特定时期和特定地点的形势、局面

the present financial ~目前的财政形势

surroundings

指人或事物周边的环境

to work in pleasant ~在愉快的环境中工作

space

指可供利用的空间

to make a good use of the available ~充分利用现有空间

climate

1、“(某地的)气候”

2、抽象的“气候，风气，氛围”

a ~ of unrest不安的气氛;

the present political ~当前的政治气候

[真题](1993)It soon becomes clear that the interior designer‘s most important basic concern is the function of the particular ___.很明显，室内设计者关注的最重要的基本问题就是某一特定空间的功能。(答案：D)

[A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space

[真题](1999)When the work is well done， a____ of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.如果这项工作做得好，就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围。在这种环境里，因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度。(答案：B)

[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement

[真题](1988)Living____ began to improve in the spring of 1621.生活条件在1621年的春天开始改善。(答案：C)

[A] situations [B] environments [C] conditions [D] circumstances

关心

care

指照料、看护(病人、老人、儿童等)

the provision of ~ for the elderly为老年人提供的护理

concern

1、“关爱、关心”，带有感情色彩

parents‘~ for their children父母对子女的关爱

2、“关注”，着重于所关心的问题或对象

the main~s as a writer作为一名作家主要关注的问题

attention

“小心;注意(力);专心”，侧重指集中精力做某事

Small children have a very ~ span.幼儿的注意力持续时间很短。

[真题](1993) It soon becomes clear that the interior designer‘s most important basic _____is the function of the particular space.很明显，室内设计者关注的最重要的基本问题就是某一特定空间的功能。(答案：B)

[A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention

决定，决心

decision

1、“作出的决定，作抉择”，常用~about/on sth

to make a ~ about what to do next对于下一步该做什么做出决定

2、“决心;果断”，偏重迅速而明智做出决定的能力

a quick-thinking man of ~ and action思维敏捷、遇事果断、行动迅速的人

determination

1、正式地确定、规定某事物是什么、怎么样等

the genes for male sex ~决定男性性别的基因

2、“决心;果断”，偏重坚定、不放弃

fought the illness with ~顽强地与疾病作斗争

[真题](1993)Nevertheless， for any kind of space， the designer has to make many of the same kind of ___. He or she must coordinate the shapes， lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.然而，无论任一类型的空间，设计者必须作出许多相同的决定。他(她)必须协调从天花板至地板所有东西的形状、照明及装饰。(答案：C)

[A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations

事业;责任，义务

venture

“冒险事业;投机活动”，强调风险性

to take a ~ in oil在石油业进行一次投机

mission

1、“使命;天职”，多指一生都在履行的职责

Her ~ in life was to work with the homeless.她以帮助无家可归者为己任。

2、指被派遣人员领受的任务或太空飞行任务

to be sent to London on a diplomatic ~肩负外交使命被派往伦敦;a US space ~美国的太空飞行

responsibility

“责任;负责”，强调承担后果

It is their ~ to ensure that the rules are enforced.他们有责任确保制度的执行。

duty

多指道义上的责任，强调自觉性

Local councilors have a ~ to serve the community.地方议员有义务为社区服务。

obligation

指合同或法律上规定的义务，强调约束力

They reminded him of his contractual ~s.他们提醒他注意合同规定的义务。