含有动词不定式的复合宾语

动词不定式可用作复合宾语中的宾浯补足语。可有这种复合宾语结构的动词有get(请)，ask(请求)，order(命令)，persuade(说服)，advise(劝告)，like(喜欢)，want(想要)，tell(叫)，know(知道)help(帮助)，call on(号召，请求)，等等。如：

He got someone to repair the door.他请人修理门。

I persuaded my brother to change his mind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意。

The doctor advised him to take a good rest.大夫劝他好好休息。

在某些及物动词的复合宾语中，动词不定式须省掉too这些动词有：make(使)，let(让)，see(见)，

watch(望)，hear(听)，have(使)，feel(觉得)等。动词help后不定式的to可以省掉，也可以保留。如：

Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China.古为今用，洋为中用。

He let me go home.他让我回家。

We must have someone repair the refrigerator.我们必须叫人来修电冰箱。

I heard him speak in the next room.我听到池在隔壁房间里讲话。

Mother is helping pat (to) clean her shoes.妈妈正帮蓓蒂刷鞋子。

[注一]上述句子变成被动语态时，动词不定式的to仍须保留。如

ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

promise sb to do sth答应某人做某事

advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事

动词不定式的否定结构

动词不定式的否定结构由在不定式符号to之前加上not而成。如：

He decided not to go home.他决定不回家。

The teacher warned the pupils not to go skating on thin ice.教师警告学生不要在薄冰上滑冰。

I told him not to open the door.我叫他不要开门。

疑问词 + 动词不定式

疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how等后加动词不定式，构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：

When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)

They told her where to find her little brother.他们告诉她到哪里找她的小弟弟。(作宾语)

The teacher showed the students how to do the exercise.老师教学生如何做练习。(作宾语)

He thought a lot about how to improve his English pronunciation.他对如何提高英语语音想得很多。(作介词的宾语)

动词不定式复合结构"for + 名词(或代词宾格) + 动词不定式"

在这种结构中的for本身无意义。名词(或代词宾格)形式上是for的宾语，但在逻辑上可以说是动词不定式的主语。这种不定式复合结构在句子里可作下列成分：

1)主语

For us to learn foreign languages is important.学习外语对我们来说是重要的。

在句中，for us在逻辑上是to learn foreign languages的主语。这种结构作主语时，和简单的动词不定式结构一样，一般都用引词讧来代表并放在句首，"for + 名词 (或代词宾格) + 不定式"则放在句末。如：

It is important for us to learn foreign languages.

It is necessary for us to learn from each other.我们必须相互学习。

2)表语

It is for you to decide.这得由你决定。

3)宾语

Can you arrange for a car to take us there?你能安排一辆汽车送我们到那里去吗?

4)定语

There is a lo to work for us to do.有很多工作要我们去做。

5)状语

The policeman blew his whistle for the carts to stop.警察吹哨要那几辆大车停下来。(作目的状语)