2019年考研英语备考试题及答案3
Text 1
You probably know that it’s better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that’s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmer’s market).
The explosion in 1 produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely 2 development in the food industry. However, 3 still exists about exactly what the organic 4 means. Do you know the difference between a cereal that’s “organic,” “100% organic,” and “made with organic 5 ?” The USDA has clearly defined standards that 6 which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at www.usda.gov.
Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out 7 another new development in the food world: genetically 8 organisms (GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and 9 effects of these products of gene engineering, l0 there’s a chance they could lead to the 11 creation of “superweeds” or 12 with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting www.saynotogmos.org.
13 you’re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the 14 names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion, 15 the other manufactures its corn flakes via l6 environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use 17 such as www. Responsible shopper.com. They present both the good and bad sides of every company they 18 , and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues.
Remember: 19 conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can make a difference every time you fill your 20 cart.
1. A. green | B. organic | C. healthy | D. optional |
2. A. positive | B. negative | C. active | D. passive |
3. A. controversy | B. contribution | C. conversion | D. confusion |
4. A. label | B. mark | C. word | D. food |
5. A. components | B. genes | C. ingredients | D. compositions |
6. A. determine | B. illustrate | C. recommend | D. demonstrate |
7. A. in | B. to | C. for | D. on |
8. A. moved | B. modified | C. modeled | D. motivated |
9. A. long-run | B. long-term | C. long-day | D. long-distance |
10. A.while | B. and | C. but | D. or |
11.A. unconditional | B. unexceptional | C. unintentional | D. uncontroversial |
12. A. interfere | B. intervene | C. interact | D. intrude |
13. A. Any time | B. Anytime | C. Some time | D. Sometime |
14. A. brand | B. code | C. product | D. family |
15. A. when | B. while | C. as | D. because |
16. A. constructive | B. destructive | C. instructive | D. obstructive |
17. A. sights | B. addresses | C. sites | D. webs |
18. A. profit | B. profile | C. propose | D. protect |
19. A. socially | B. conditionally | C. morally | D. environmentally |
20. A. nursery | B. grocery | C. bakery | D. stationery |
Text2
Responsibilities. We all have them; most of us have more than we’d like. That doesn’t change the reality that, sooner or later, we all have to 1 up to them. But perhaps it does explain our 2 to add to the ever-growing list. There’s already so much to do in a day, why tack on an 3 burden?
Unfortunately, it’s this kind of defeatist mentality 4 keeps people from enhancing their lives through proper 5 and exercise. Here is the salient point, though: The health and fitness benefits you’ll derive from 6 the necessary work are worth whatever sacrifices you must make 7 the way. I can’t count how many times I’ve heard the same 8 . Each time, I always give the same response: Yes, I say, working out is work. So is taking the 9 to eat right. 10 yourself on the couch or having drinks with friends after work is a lot easier than exercising, and hitting the McDonald’s drive-thru takes a lot less time than cooking a 11 at home. But channel surfing, margaritas and a Quarter Pounder With Cheese aren’t going to produce some of the things worth having--a low cholesterol level or the 12 to go shirtless on the beach. Those benefits demand a 13 effort. I’m not saying you should eschew the 14 night on the town or gourmet meal at a five-star restaurant. Both have their 15 and are components of a well-rounded life. I’ve enjoyed my 16 of revelry and fine 17 and look forward to those special opportunities to experience more of the good life. But I’ve managed to find a balance between those 18 .pleasures and a permanent 19 to a regular workout and a healthy diet. Because, 20 , it is the latter that will have a lasting improvement on the overall quality of my life.
1. A. come | B. catch | C. confront | D. face |
2. A. resistance | B. reluctance | C. persistence | D. existence |
3. A. exact | B. external | C. extra | D. extensive |
4. A. that | B. which | C. what | D. who |
5. A. food | B. nutrition | C. diet | D. recreation |
6. A. setting in | B. putting in | C. getting in | D. cutting in |
7. A. along | B. by | C. on | D. in |
8. A. reasons | B. questions | C. doubts | D. excuses |
9. A. chance | B. effort | C. time | D. interest |
10. A. Throwing | B. Planting | C. Sitting | D. Placing |
11. A. dish | B. dinner | C. meal | D. hamburger |
12. A. pride | B. confidence | C. enthusiasm | D. inspiration |
13. A. long-time | B. long-range | C. long-term | D. long-distance |
14. A. additional | B. emotional | C. occasional | D. sensational |
15. A. place | B. position | C. location | D. attraction |
16. A. share | B. part | C. portion | D. section |
17. A. meal | B. diet | C. dining | D. eating |
18. A. short-date | B. short-lived | C. short-legged | D. short-tempered |
19. A. coherence | B. experience | C. adherence | D. remembrance |
20. A. in a word | B. in the end | C. in the future | D. in a nutshell |
Text3
A potful of evidence suggests that the antioxidants and polyphenols in tea help protect you from stroke and heart attack, Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, and cancers of the lung, mouth, breast, pancreas, prostate and skin. The essential oils found in the leaves even aid 1 by increasing the flow of digestive juices.
Now it turns out that tea, 2 chicken soup or echinacea, is what can give your body an extra 3 to help it battle infections.
Given 20 ounces of tea daily, non-tea drinkers were better able to fight 4 bacterial diseases, according to a study at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. The researchers 5 L-theanine, an 6 found in black, green, oolong and pekoe teas--but not in 7 teas, which usually don’t contain Camellia sinensis, the one true tea 8 .
When broken down by the liver, L-theanine becomes an antigen called ethylamine, 9 primes the response of gamma-delta T cells against a 10 of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic 11 , and possibly tumors. (Ethylamine is also found in other plant-based foods, such as apples, mushrooms and wine.)
In the study, blood samples from new tea drinkers were 12 to E. coli, bacteria 13 food poisoning and ulcers. The 14 cells in the tea drinkers produced five times the interferon―an important element of the body’s 15 system--than they had before tea was 16 . No change was noted in a 17 group of coffee drinkers.
“I don’tthink there’s a 18 to [drinking tea],” says co-author Jack F. Bukowski, M.D, of Harvard Medical School. While tea won’t 19 you or make you immune from illness, “people who do get sick will probably get a milder 20 ,” Bukowski says.
1. A. deterioration | B. digestion | C. destination | D. distinction |
2. A. other than | B. rather than | C. better than | D. more than |
3. A. kick | B. kit | C. kite | D. kid |
4. A. off | B. against | C. with | D. for |
5. A. praise | B. acknowledge | C. credit | D. create |
6. A. item | B. instance | C. information | D. ingredient |
7. A. herbal | B. credible | C. favorable | D. fashionable |
8. A. product | B. package | C. producer | D. plant |
9. A. which | B. that | C. who | D. where |
10. A. lot | B. number | C. variety | D. range |
11. A. diseases | B. infections | C. illnesses | D. deficiencies |
12. A. exposed | B. opposed | C. disclosed | D. proposed |
13. A. connected with | B. combined with | C. referred to | D. linked to |
14. A. immense | B. important | C. immediate | D. immune |
15. A. defeat | B. defense | C. decrease | D. disease |
16. A. introduced | B. increased | C. indulged | D. indicated |
17. A. compare | B. control | C. contrast | D. consent |
18. A. downside | B. upside | C. inside | D. outside |
19. A. heal | B. treat | C. cure | D. remedy |
20. A. illness | B. disease | C. sickness | D. case |
Text4
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that, on average, each person in the United States throws out about 328 pounds of edible food each year. Food bought with the best 1 sits for weeks on end as busy consumers 2 it in the refrigerator and forget about it. And when it seems time to either eat it or 3 it, most people 4 the freshness dates (a.k.a. ‘use by’, ‘sell by’, and ‘best if used by’) printed on the packages.
But, these dates don’t really. 5 food safety, nor do they mean 6 food is always bad. Poultry, seafood, and ground meats such as hamburger, have the shortest 7 lives. They should be 8 within two days of 9 if stored in the refrigerator. They last 10 six months in the freezer. Steak, beef, 11 , and other fresh-cut meats last a little longer--three to five days in the refrigerator and six months in the freezer.
The date 12 on milk products is set by the dairy. Most of the dates on dairy products are totally driven by 13 --not necessarily spoilage. In general, milk lasts five to seven days after the 14 date. Eggs generally have long shelf lives--three to five weeks from the time you take them home. Don’t 15 your eggs just because they’re past the expiration date; 16 one open first. If it still smells and looks good, 17 .
When you cook them, make sure you do so thoroughly. About 18 every 10,000 eggs contains salmonella bacteria. Thorough cooking 19 salmonella. Once cooked, a boiled, 20 egg will last a week.
1. [A] intentions | [B] interests | [C] explanations | [D] purposes |
2. [A] tick | [B] tuck | [C] take | [D] turn |
3. [A] test | [B] toll | [C] tease | [D] toss |
4. [A] decide on | [B] rely on | [C] comment on | [D] press on |
5. [A] propose | [B] prolong | C] guarantee | [D] guar |
6. [A] expired | [B] exposed | [C] exhausted | [D] exotic |
7. [A] fresh | [B] expected | [C] stored | [D] shelf |
8. [A] contained | [B] consumed | [C] contaminated | [D] continued |
9. [A] purchase | [B] production | [C] process | [D] provision |
10. [A] on to | [B] next to | [C] up to | [D] about to |
11. [A] portion | [B] porch | [C] port | [D] pork |
12. [A] engraved | [B] branded | [C] carved | [D] stamped |
13. [A] appearance | [B] freshness | [C] weight | [D] taste |
14. [A] sell-by | [B] sell-after | [C] use-on | [D] use-after |
15. [A] throw in | [B] throw up | [C] throw over | [D] throw out |
16. [A] crash | [B] creep | [C] crisp | [D] crack |
17. [A] pass away | [B] run away | [C] fry away | [D] go way |
18. [A] under | [B] in | [C] on | [D] out |
19. [A] promotes | [B] kills | [C] grows | [D] freezes |
20. [A] unpeeled | [B] unprepared | [C] untouched | [D] unstripped |
Text5
Managers must become proficient cross-cultural communicators if they wish to succeed in today’s global environment. Culture consists of the values, attitudes, and 1 in a given group of most of the people most of the time. 2 communication is communication in a management 3 to achieve a 4 result (writing a memo, interviewing an applicant, running a meeting, preparing a presentation). If you are working in a different culture, you may have to reconsider your communication 5 and evaluate its 6 .
A realistic 7 in one culture may not be so in another. One way to 8 what might be realistic is to analyze 9 psychologists call the “locus of control.” People in some cultures 10 believe in “ 11 control” over destiny--that is, that people can control events themselves. People in other cultures believe in “external control” over destiny--that is, events are 12 and uncontrollable. What 13 an appropriate time frame in one culture may not be achievable in another. It all depends on the culture’s 14 of time. In some cultures, timetables are exact and 15 . Examples of such cultures include Germany and Switzerland. Other cultures have more relative and 16 attitudes toward time; one may be kept waiting; projects may 17 more slowly. Examples here are Latin and African countries. An 18 in Cameroon tells of a meeting scheduled for 9:00a.m. in Yaounde. People began to arrive at 1:00 p.m. 19 , however, when the last person 20 at 2:00 p.m., the other Cameroonians admonished him for being later.
1. [A] performance | [B] achievement | [C] behavior | [D] progress |
2. [A] Managerial | [B] Manageable | [C] Measurable | [D] Measuring |
3. [A] context | [B] contest | [C] contrast | [D] contract |
4. [A] deserved | [B] desired | [C] derived | [D] distinguished |
5. [A] relative | [B] representative | [C] subjective | [D] objective |
6. [A] visibility | [B] viability | [C] variability | [D] validity |
7. [A] soul | [B] goal | [C] glory | [D] game |
8. [A] work at | [B] get at | [C] look at | [D] jump at |
9. [A] how | [B] why | [C] when | [D] what |
10. [A] tend to | [B] intend to | [C] extend to | [D] contend to |
11. [A] individual | [B] inward | [C] internal | [D] inner |
12.[A]unprecedented | [B] unexpected | [C] preoccupied | [D]predetermined |
13. [A] concerns | [B] constructs | [C] constitutes | [D] consists |
14. [A] concept | [B] conclusion | [C] context | [D] contribution |
15. [A] present | [B] precise | [C] precious | [D] perilous |
16. [A] relaxed | [B] reduced | [C] related | [D] released |
17. [A] melt | [B] multiply | [C] move | [D] mount |
18. [A] executor | [B] executive | [C] officer | [D] official |
19. [A] Surprisingly | [B] Surprisedly | [C] Accordingly | [D] Similarly |
20. [A] showed off | [B] showed up | [C] showed around | [D]showed through |
Text6
An estimated 11,300 laptop computers, 31,400 handheld computers and 200,000 mobile telephones have been left in taxis around the world during the last six months, according to a survey. Taxi drivers in nine cities also said they had found a 1 of other items 2 by passengers, including a harp, 37 milk bottles, dentures and 3 limbs. One driver said he 4 found a baby in his taxi.
The survey of some 1,000 taxi drivers said that passengers had lost three times more 5 computers in the second 6 of 2004 than in 2001, 7 the research by security software company Pointsec was first 8 . Most of the items were 9 to their owners, cab drivers said. Four out of five mobile phones and 19 out of every 20 computers found their 10 back, they said. Londoners appear more 11 than others with their laptops, 12 Danes are most likely to forget their mobile phones, the survey found. In Chicago in the United States, passengers often 13 handheld computers on the back 14 . The survey’s 15 were extrapolated to reflect the 16 number of taxis in each city. One customer, who later. 17 to be the girlfriend of actor Hugh Grant, left her iPod music player, mobile phone and 18 When the lady taxi driver was asked to 19 the items to Grant, she received an 20 as a thank-you.
1. [A] range | [B] rank | [C] region | [D] return |
2. [A] claimed | [B] found | [C] left | [D] declared |
3. [A] arbitrary | [B] apparent | [C] artificial | [D] assistant |
4. [A] even | [B] still | [C] however | [D] somehow |
5. [A] handmade | [B] handheld | [C] handcrafted | [D] handbound |
6. [A] part | [B] year | [C] time | [D] half |
7. [A] which | [B] where | [C] when | [D] what |
8. [A] carried out | [B] worked out | [C] found out | [D] figured out |
9. [A] replaced | [B] returned | [C] recommended | [D] recreated |
10. [A] road | [B] path | [C] journey | [D] way |
11. [A] careful | [B] caretaking | [C] careless | [D] care laden |
12. [A] when | [B] while | [C] wherever | [D] whenever |
13. [A] fell behind | [B] stayed behind | [C] left behind | [D] dropped behind |
14. [A] seat | [B] bench | [C] car | [D] taxi |
15.[A]consequences | [B] fruits | [C] findings | [D] conclusions |
16. [A] total | [B] all | [C] whole | [D] complete |
17. [A] turned in | [B] turned on | [C] turned out | [D] turned off |
18. [A] profile | [B] pulse | [C] preface | [D] purse |
19. [A] deliver | [B] designate | [C] dedicate | [D] direct |
20. [A] automobile | [B] authority | [C] autograph | [D] autobiography |
Text7
Alcohol use is the number one drug problem among young people. It’s easy to understand why. For adults, alcohol is legal, widely 1 in American culture and easily. 2 . Many kids can get a drink right in their own homes. 3 are drinking younger and more frequently than 4 , often beginning around age 13, according to studies. The average number of alcoholic drinks among college students is five on a single 5 , according to a recent survey. Among those younger 21, it is 5.5 drinks, and among 6 21 and older, it is 4.2 drinks.
Young people almost always begin drinking because of 7 .pressure, in an attempt to be accepted and 8 in the group. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, more than half of junior and senior high school students drink alcoholic 9 . More than 40 percent of those who drink admit to drinking when upset, 31 percent admit to drinking 10 , 25 percent admit to drinking when 11 and 25 percent admit to drinking to get" 12 ."
This is a 13 , serious problem 14 college campuses today. In 1997 Harvard University’s School of Public Health surveyed students at 130 colleges for a college 15 study and found about two of every five college students 16 in binge drinking. 17 binge drinkers at college were 22 times more 18 than non-binge drinkers to have problems, 19 missed classes, falling behind in school work, getting in trouble or hurt and engaging in 20 sexual activity.
1. [A] received | [B] accepted | [C] acknowledged | [D] admitted |
2. [A] accountable | [B] achievable | [C] accessible | [D] agreeable |
3. [A] Teenagers | [B] Grown-ups | [C] Children | [D] Adults |
4.[A]predominantly | [B] preferentially | [C] previously | [D] precisely |
5. [A] occasion | [B] event | [C] situation | [D] gathering |
6. [A] these | [B] those | [C] which | [D] whom |
7. [A] pear | [B] peel | [C] peer | [D] pool |
8. [A] improved | [B] included | [C] inspired | [D] instructed |
9. [A] beers | [B] whiskies | [C] beverages | [D] wines |
10. [A] alone | [B] along | [C] aloud | [D] aloof |
11. [A] bored | [B] boring | [C] excited | [D] exciting |
12. [A] low | [B] high | [C] cool | [D] warm |
13. [A] dead | [B] death | [C] deadening | [D] deadly |
14. [A] of | [B] in | [C] on | [D] about |
15. [A] alcohol | [B] alcoholic | [C] alcoholism | [D] alcoholization |
16. [A] endeavor | [B] engage | [C] insist | [D] practise |
17. [A] Consequent | [B] Subsequent | [C] Incident | [D] Frequent |
18. [A] possible | [B] lively [ | C] likely | [D] feasible |
19. [A] known as | [B] remembered as | [C] much as | [D] such as |
20.[A] unperceived | [B] unplaced | [C] unplanned | [D] undiscovered |
Text8
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic 1 in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services 2 as well. More and more of those credit cards can be 3 automatically, making 4 possible to withdraw or 5 money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open, For many of us the "cashless society" is not 6 ---- it’ s already here.
7 computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many 8 for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply 9 sales. They can keep a wide 10 of records, including who sold what, when and to whom. This information allows businessmen to 11 track of their list of goods 12 showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. 13 to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which 14 are the busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made 15 . And they also 16 preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for 17 reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in 18 , of raw materials 19 hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric 20 to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
1. [A] mortgage | [B]acknowledgement | [C] loan | [D] credit |
2. [A] available | [B] profitable | [C] homogeneous | [D] instantaneous |
3. [A] issued | [B] read | [C] taken | [D] used |
4. [A] it | [B] that | [C] those | [D] them |
5. [A] lodge | [B] secure | [C] input | [D] deposit |
6. [A]on the air | [B]in the distance | [C] on the horizon | [D]before long |
7. [A] While | [B] When | [C] If | [D] Though |
8. [A] drawbacks | [B] handicaps | [C] rewards | [D] advantages |
9. [A] bring up | [B] ring up | [C] show up | [D] mark up |
10. [A] range | [B] area | [C] field | [D] scope |
11. [A] take | [B] follow | [C] keep | [D] make |
12. [A] with | [B] through | [C] in | [D] by |
13 [A] Resolutions | [B] Determinations | [C] Requirements | [D] Decisions |
14. [A] ages | [B] hours | [C] times | [D] eras |
15.[A] respectively | [B] rationally | [C] accordingly | [D] justifiably |
16. [A] identify | [B] recognize | [C] distinguish | [D] discriminate |
17. [A]comparative | [B] dissimilar | [C] compatible | [D] similar |
18. [A] stock | [B] order | [C] store | [D] cash |
19. [A] at | [B] by | [C] under | [D]on |
20. [A] utilities | [B] appliances | [C] apparatus | [D] equipment |
Text9
About 40 percent of Americans think of themselves as shy, while only 20 percent say they have never suffered from shyness at some point in their lives. Shyness occurs when a person’s apprehensions are so great that they 1 his making an expected or desired social response. 2 of shyness can be as minor as 3 to make eye contact when speaking to someone, 4 as major as avoiding conversations whenever possible.
“Shy people tend to be too 5 with themselves,” said Jonathan Cheek, a psychologist, who is one of those at the forefront of current research on the topic. “ 6 , for a smooth conversation, you need to pay attention to the other person’s cues 7 he is saying and doing. But the shy person is full of 8 about how he seems to the other person, and so he often 9 cues he should pick up. The result is an awkward lag in the conversation. Shy people need to stop focusing on 10 and switch their attention to the other person.”
11 , shy people by and large have 12 social abilities than they think they do. 13 Dr. Cheek videotaped shy people talking to 14 , and then had raters (评估者) evaluate how socially skilled the people were, he found that, in the 15 of other people, the shy group had few 16 problems. But when he asked the shy people themselves 17 they had done, they were unanimous in saying that they had been social flops (失败).
“Shy people are their own 18 critics,” Dr. Cheek said. 19 he added, shy people feel they are being judged more 20 than they actually are, and overestimate how obvious their social anxiety is to others.
1. [A] prevent | [B] inhibit | [C] keep | [D] motivate |
2. [A] Symptoms | [B] Signals | [C] Highlights | [D] Incidences |
3. [A] succeeding | [B] failing | [C] acting | [D] responding |
4. [A] but | [B] not | [C] or | [D] nor |
5. [A] preoccupied | [B] absorbed | [C] engaged | [D] indulged |
6. [A] However | [B] Then | [C] For example | [D] Instead |
7. [A] that | [B] which | [C] what | [D] how |
8. [A] worries | [B] feelings | [C] emotions | [D] indifferences |
9. [A] follows | [B] picks up | [C] misses | [D] catches |
10.[A]the conversation | [B] shyness | [C] others | [D] themselves |
11. [A] Therefore | [B] Nevertheless | [C]On the contrary | [D] Similarly |
12. [A] worse | [B] as good | [C] better | [D] best |
13. [A] When | [B] Since | [C] While | [D] As |
14. [A] themselves | [B] friends | [C] strangers | [D] others |
15. [A] name | [B] terms | [C] ease | [D] eyes |
16. [A] oblivious | [B] obvious | [C] oblique | [D] obscure |
17. [A] what | [B] whatever | [C] how | [D] however |
18. [A] best | [B] justice | [C] fair | [D] worst |
19. [A] In particular | [B] In contrast | [C] In general | [D] In comparison |
20. [A] positively | [B] negatively | [C] subjectively | [D] objectively |
Text10
What is your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 1 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, 2 children younger than three or four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences.
A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this "childhood a mnesia" (儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is 5 for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults don’t think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 ―one event follows 9 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fit the 11 . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.
Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 13 any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr Simms, children need to learn to use someone else’s spoken description of their personal 14 in order to turn their own short term, quickly forgotten 15 of them into long term memories. In other 16 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 17 ― Mother talking about the afternoon 18 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 19 reinforcement, says Dr Simms, children cannot form 20 memories of their personal experiences.
1. [A] figure | [B] interpret | [C] recall | [D] affirm |
2. [A] now that | [B] even if | [C] as though | [D] just as |
3. [A] largely | [B] rarely | [C] merely | [D] really |
4. [A] refuted | [B] defied | [C] proposed | [D] witnessed |
5. [A] responsible | [B] suitable | [C] favorable | [D] available |
6. [A] declines | [B] assesses | [C] estimates | [D] maintains |
7. [A] reflect | [B] attain | [C] access | [D] acquire |
8. [A] narratives | [B] forecasts | [C]communications | [D] descriptions |
9. [A] the rest | [B] another | [C] the other | [D] others |
10. [A] deposits | [B] dreams | [C] flashes | [D] files |
11. [A] model | [B] pattern | [C] frame | [D] formula |
12. [A] emphasis | [B] assertion | [C] explanation | [D] assumption |
13. [A] aren’t | [B] weren’t | [C] isn’t | [D] was’t |
14. [A] instincts | [B] feelings | [C] sensations | [D] experiences |
15. [A] impressions | [B] beliefs | [C] minds | [D] insights |
16. [A] senses | [B] cases | [C] words | [D] aspects |
17. [A] him | [B] their | [C]it | [D]them |
18. [A] taken | [B] utilized | [C] applied | [D] spent |
19. [A] habitual | [B] verbal | [C] unique | [D] particular |
20. [A] permanent | [B] mental | [C] spiritual | [D] conscious |
Text 1
1. 【答案】B
【解析】做完形填空时不能急于下手,一般要先通读全文,把握文章大意,上下文信息能帮助我们做出正确选择。通读全文后我们知道这篇文章讲的是农产品的新变化。第一段第二句话和第二段第一句话都提到了organic一词,由此可见本文开头部分讲的是organic produce,因此正确答案是B。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】本题的四个选项是两组反义词。Positive的意思是“正面的,积极的”,negative的意思是“负面的”,active是“活跃的,主动的”,而passive是“被动的,消极的”。根据语篇信息,文章开头提到有机农产品,后面还提到转基因产品,而这些都是农产品发展中的巨大突破,所以应当是positive development,答案为A。
3. 【答案】D
【解析】本题中容易排除的是B、C选项,contribution为“捐献,贡献”’conversion为“变化,转换”,它们都与上下文不协调。正确选项只能是controversy和confusion其中之一。这两个词意思相近,但controversy意思是“论争,辩论”,指的是对同一事物不同的看法或意见上的分歧,而confusion意思是“混乱,混淆”,指的是对事物正确理解方面的困惑。而原句中exactly(准确地,精确地)和means说明此处应当是准确理解意思方面的困惑。 正确答案为D。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】label意为“标签,商标”,mark是“标志,标记,痕迹”。我们在第二段倒数第二句话中也可发现label――词。因此应选A。
5. 【答案】C
【解析】gene是“基因”,composition是“合成物,作文”,都易排除。Component(成分)一个物体的各个组成部分,相当于part,例如:the components of a camera; ingredients(成分)指混合物的组成成分,例如:the ingredients of a medicine。根据上下文,这里意思是产品部分成分为有机物,所以应选C。
6. 【答案】A
【解析】determine意思是“决定”,illustrate意思是“举例说明”,recommend意思是“推荐”,demonstrate意思是“示范,证明”。待选动词的主语是standard(标准),determine与其搭配最合适,所以正确答案为A。
7. 【答案】D
【解析】句子前半部分意思是陪审团退庭审议,这里指人们现在对有机产品和转基因产品的利弊仍无法做出判断。此处被选介词应当是关于的意思,只有on有此意,正确答案为D
8. 【答案】B
【解析】modify意思是“转变,改良”,model意思是“模仿”,motivate意思是“激发”。转基因产品的正确说法是genetically modified organism,因此答案是B。
9. 【答案】B
【解析】C和D易排除,不能和effect搭配。Long-run意思是“长远的,最终的”,long-term意思是“长期的”。待选项应该与and前面的short是对应的,因此正确答案为B.
10. 【答案】C
【解析】前半句的意思是没有人明确知道转基因产品的短期和长期效应,后半句的意思是它们可能导致某种情况,前后意思有转折,因此答案为C。
11. 【答案】C
【解析】unconditional意思是“无条件的,绝对的”,unexceptional意思是“非例外的,不独特的”,unintentional意思是“非故意的,无意识的”,uncontroversial意思是“非争论性的,未引起争论的”。Unintentional最符合句意,对杂草的creation不是故意的,所以应选C。
12. 【答案】A
【解析】intervene(插入,干涉)和介词between或in搭配,intrude(闯入,侵扰)和介词into或on搭配,可排除。interfere和interact都能和with搭配,interfere的意思是“干扰,干涉”,interact的意思是“相互作用”。本句意思是基因工程可能会对农作物自然生长有扰乱。正确选项应为A。
13. 【答案】B
【解析】从句子结构分析来看, you’re shopping是从句。据此只能选anytime,四个选项中只有anytime可引导从句,它的用法相当于“no matter when”或“whenever”。正确答案为B。
14. 【答案】A
【解析】brand name是“商标”,codename是“代号”,product name不是固定搭配,意思是产品的名字,family name是“姓”。显然brand更符合句子的意思,因此答案为A。
15. 【答案】B
【解析】据上下文的关键词“one…the other. . . ”和“An easy way to compare two companies”,可见这句话是对两类公司的对比。因此只能选while“而…”,正确答案为,B。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】constructive和destructive是一组反义词,分别是“建设性的”和“破坏性的”,instructive意思是“有益的,教育意义的”,obstructive意思是“妨碍的”。While之前的句子意思是某个公司是环境保护的拥护者,那么与之相对照的是对环境有破坏行为的公司,所以正确答案为B。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】A、D易排除,分别为“视觉”和“网”的意思。Address和site都有“地址’之意,但address通常指住址和收信地址。WWW. responsibleshopper. com. 很明显是网址,只能用sites,因此选C。
18. 【答案】B
【解析】四个动词词头相同,profit意思是“赢利”,profile的词根为file,应与“记录”有关,意思是“描述,给…写传略(或概况)”,propose为“提议”之意,protect则为“保护”。本题的关键在于要首先明白“they”的指代,根据上下文,they指的是上一句中的“sites”,动词的宾语是every company,根据句子的意思,答案应该是B。这句话的意思是这些网址描述了它们所记录的各个公司好的和坏的方面。
19. 【答案】D
【解析】整篇文章讲的是农产品的新发展及其对环境保护的影响,所以此题答案为D。这句话的意思是有环保意识的购物是造成改变的有力工具。
20. 【答案】B
【解析】nursery意思是“托儿所”,grocery意思是“食品,杂货”,bakery意思是“面包店”,stationery意思是“文具”。本文讲的是农产品的发展变化,grocery比bakery显然更全面,是最合适的选项,因此正确答案为B。
Text 2
1. 【答案】D
【解析】come up to的意思是“等于,达到”,catch up to的意思是“赶上,跟上”,confront的意思是“遭遇,面临”,不能和up to搭配,face up to表示“勇敢地对付(或接受)”。本句中的them指的是前面提到的responsibilities,所以选face up to,D是正确答案。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】resistance意思是“抵抗,反抗”,reluctance意思是“不愿,勉强”,persistence意思是“坚持”,existence意思是“存在”。根据上下文,大多数人承担的责任比自己愿意承担的多,但这无法改变他们迟早要承担更多责任的事实。由此可见在责任面前,人们无法抵制,而是不情愿。所以作者说这也许正是在越来越多的责任面前人们不乐意的原因,正确选项为B。
3. 【答案】C
【解析】 Exact意思是“准确的,精确的”,external意思是“外部的”,extra意思是“额外的”,extensive意思是“广泛的”。从上文的意思可以判断正确选项为C。本句意思是每天要做的事情已经很多,何必再额外增加负担?
4. 【答案】A
【解析】这是一个强调句,被强调的主语是defeatist mentality,所以只能选A。
5. 【答案】C
【解析】本文主旨是鼓励人们通过合理的饮食和体育锻炼来提高生活的整体质量。food指具体某种食物,不能概括天天饮食,nutrition的意思是“营养”,diet是“日常饮食,平时营养”,recreation指“消遣,娱乐”。待选项与exercise(体育锻炼)构成并列,根据句子意思,C是最合适的答案。本句意思是:很遗憾,正是这种失败主义者的心理使人们不想通过合理的饮食和体育锻炼来提高生活质量。
6. 【答案】B
【解析】set in意思是“开始”,put in意思是“花费,付出(时间、精力等)”,get in意思是“加入,收割”,cut in意思是“插嘴”。后面的名词是necessary work,合适的搭配选项应是put in,正确答案为B。
7. 【答案】A
【解析】along the way表示“在…的过程中”,by the way意思为“在途中,附带说说”,on the way意思是“来到,接近,在进行中”,in the way为“挡道的,妨碍人的”之意。根据句子意思,正确答案是A。这句话的意思是合理饮食和体育锻炼换来的身体健康值得坚持过程中所做的任何牺牲。
8. 【答案】D
【解析】reason是“原因”,question是“问题”,doubt是“怀疑”,excuse是“借口”。前两段都是在说明人们为什么不愿为坚持合理饮食和体育锻炼付出额外的努力,question和doubt可以首先排除,而excuse比reason更准确,不能坚持合理饮食、体育锻炼只能是人们的借口,而不是正常理由,所以选D。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】take a chance的意思是“冒险,投机”,take the effort to do sth. 的意思是“花精力去做某事”,take the time to do sth. 为固定说法,意思是“花时间去做某事”,take interest后面不能搭配不定式。后面那句话提到去麦当劳当然比自己做饭省时间,可见此处强调时间,所以答案为C。
10. 【答案】B
【解析】throw oneself on的意思是“一下倒在”,plant有“使固定”的意思,sit是“坐,使就座”,place是“放置,安置,安排”。根据句子的意思,plant更形象贴切,本句意思是下班后一动不动地窝在沙发里或者去和朋友喝几杯当然比锻炼身体轻松多了。答案是B。
11. 【答案】C
【解析】dish指某道菜,dinner是“正餐”,meal泛指一日三餐,hamburger是“汉堡包”。本句没有特指哪一餐,所以正确答案为C。
12. 【答案】B
【解析】pride为“骄傲,自豪”之意,confidence是“信心,自信”,enthusiasm意思是“激情”,inspiration则为“灵感”。只有体形健美的人才敢在海滩上go shirtless(光着上身走),啤酒肚不大有这样的信心。成天在电视机前不断换频道、贪杯嗜食的人胆固醇不可能低,也没信心go shirtless on the beach。所以正确答案为B。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】long-time的意思是“(已持续)长时间的”,long-range是“(决定、计划等)长远的,长期的”,long-term是“长期的”,long-distance是“长途的”。本句的意思是这些益处需要付出长期的努力,所以选C。
14. 【答案】C
【解析】additional意思是“附加的,额外的”,emotional意思是“情绪的,情感的”,occasional意思是“偶尔的”,sensational意思是“激起强烈感情的,令人兴奋的”。根据句子意思,应该选occasional,这句话的意思是我并不是说偶尔到城里作乐或是去五星级饭店吃一顿都不可以。正确答案为C。
15. 【答案】A
【解析】place,position和location都有“位置”之意,attraction为“吸引力”。have a place是固定搭配,意思是“有一席之地,起一定作用”的意思。到镇子上一夜狂欢或是去饭店吃饭也是生活中不可缺少的成分。所以正确答案为A。
16. 【答案】A
【解析】这四个词都有“部分”的意思,而share强调“(某人应得或应负担的)一部分”,所以更为准确,正确答案是A。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】四个词都与吃饭有关,根据上下文可知这里指的是到饭店美餐,而不是家中普通的一日三餐,dining更合适,答案为C。
18. 【答案】B
【解析】short-dated指“(票据等)短期的”,short-lived指“短暂的”,short-legged意思是“腿短的”,short-tempered意思是“急性子的”。根据上下文,被选词应当与permanent(永远的,永久的)是反义词,所以选short-lived,B是正确答案。
19. 【答案】C
【解析】coherence意思是“一致,协调”,experience意思是“经验,经历”,adherence意思是“遵守,坚持”,remembrance意思是“回想,记忆”。这四个选项中只有adherence能和to搭配,因此C是正确选项。
20. 【答案】B
【解析】in a word意思是“总之”,in the end意思是“最终,结果”,in the future意思是“将来”,in a nutshell意思是“简括地说”。这句话是将short-lived pleasures和permanent adherence to a regular workout and a healthy diet对提高生活质量的作用进行比较,强调最终的结果,所以in the end为合适选项,正确答案为B。
Text 3
1. 【答案】B
【解析】deterioration意思是“退化,堕落”,digestion意思是“消化”,destination意思是“目的地”,distinction意思是“区别”。根据上下文和关键词“digestive juices”,我们可以确定B是正确答案。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】other than的意思是“不同于,非”,rather than的意思是“不如说…而不是…”,better than的意思是“比…好”,more than的意思是“比…多”。chicken soup or echinacea是插入语,起到补充说明的作用,根据句子意思,B是正确答案。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】kick,kit,kite和kid的意思分别是“踢”,“成套工具,工具包”,“风筝”和“小孩”,kick另有“极度的刺激”之意,所以kick为正确选项。这句话的意思是:茶叶而不是鸡汤或海胆能为人体提供额外的刺激,帮助它对抗细菌。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】四个介词都可和fight搭配,fight off意思是“击退”,fight against和fight with的意思都是“和…战斗”,fight for意思是“为…而战斗”。fight against和fight with可以同时被排除,fight for也不对,因此答案是A。
5. 【答案】C
【解析】praise意思是“表扬”,acknowledge意思是“承认,答谢”,credit意思是“认为有某种优点”,create意思是“创造”。praise一般是口头赞扬,此处研究人员认为茶叶具有某种优点,用credit更正规、客观,所以选C。
6. 【答案】D
【解析】item意思是“条款,项目”,instance意思是“例子,建议”,information意思是“信息”,ingredient意思是“成分”。这里指的是绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶和白毫的某种共同成分,所以应选D。
7. 【答案】A
【解析】herbal意思为“草药的”,credible意思是“可信的”,favorable意思是“赞成的,有利的”,fashionable意思是“流行的,时髦的”。从句子结构可以看出,teas和前面的green tea等相对应,是一种茶叶,因此正确答案为A。
8. 【答案】D
【解析】product意思是“产品”,package意思是“包裹”,producer意思是“生产商”,plant意思是“植物”。从句子结构看,the one true tea是Camellia(茶科)sinensis的同位语,所以只能是tea plant(茶科植物),正确答案是D。
9. 【答案】A
【解析】根据句子结构分析,此处是非限制性定语从句,修饰ethylamine,因此只能选which,正确答案为A。
10. 【答案】C
【解析】后面列举了各种类型的疾病,诸如细菌性、病毒性、真菌性和寄生性的,因此四个选项中最合适的是variety,C是正确答案。
11. 【答案】B
【解析】disease意思是“疾病”,infection意思是“传染病”,illness也是“疾病”,deficiency意思是“缺乏,不足”。disease和illness是同义词,同时排除,deficiency也不合适,所以选B。
12. 【答案】A
【解析】expose的意思是“使暴露”,oppose意思是“反对”,disclose意思是“揭露”,propose意思是“提出”。be exposed to意思是“使充分接触”。本句意思是:在研究中,从新近开始喝茶者身上提取血液样本,让他们的血液样本和E. coli细菌充分接触以观察变化,正确答案为A。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】be connected with的意思是“和…连接”,be combined with意思是“和…组合”,be referred to意思是“被提及”,be linked to意思是“和…关联”。这里指的是与食物中毒和溃疡有关的细菌,link比其他几个选项更合适,因此正确答案为D。
14. 【答案】D
【解析】immense意思是“极大的”,important意思是“重要的”,immediate意思是“立即的,直接的”,immune意思是“免疫的”。被选词后搭配的词是cell(细胞),联系上下文的意思,此处应选词为immune,D为正确答案。
15. 【答案】B
【解析】defeat意思是“失败”,defense意思是“保卫,防卫”,decrease意思是“减少”,disease意思是“疾病”。空格后面的名词是system,它是人体的一个系统,显然只能选defense,正确答案为B。
16. 【答案】A
【解析】introduce意思是“介绍,引进”,increase意思是“增加”,indulge“纵容”,indicate意思是“显示,指出”。此处将喝茶前后人体反应进行对照,before引导时间状语从句,从句中的主语是tea,因此正确选项为A。
17. 【答案】B
【解析】一般做实验会把实验对象分为两组,一组是实验组“experimental group”,另外一组是对照组“control group”。正确答案为B。
18. 【答案】A
【解析】downside的意思是“消极的一面,负面”,upside是“上面,上部”,inside是“里面,内侧”,outside是“外面,外表”。四个选项中只有downside符合句子意思,正确答案为A。
19. 【答案】C
【解析】四个选项为同义词,都有“治疗”的意思。heal为“愈合”,偏重于外伤。treat为“治疗”,指治疗的过程。cure意思是“治愈”,指结果。remedy意思是“医治,治疗,矫正’。本句中you和make you immune from illness是并列的,cure是最合适的选项,答案是C。
20. 【答案】D
【解析】illness,disease和sickness是同义词,都有“病”的意思,case指的是“病症”,因为前面有mild修饰,而且前三个选项之间无法取舍,因此正确答案是D。
Text 4
1. 【答案】A
【解析】intention是“意图,意向”,interest是“兴趣,爱好”,explanation是“解释,说明”,purpose是“目的”。the best intentions是一个固定搭配,意思是“一片好心/一片好意(尤用于事情没做成时)”,所以选择A。文中这句话希望表达的意思是:消费者买食品的时候是出于良好的意愿,可是因为太忙了,把它们扔进冰箱就忘了。
2. 【答案】B
【解析】tick是“用滴答声报知,给…标记号”,tuck是“把…塞进狭窄的空间,把…藏入”,take是“拿,取”,turn是“使转动,使旋转”。根据上下文,选B,这里的意思是:“忙碌的消费者把食物塞进冰箱就忘了吃”。
3. 【答案】D
【解析】test是“测试,化验”,toll是“向…收费”,tease是“戏弄,挑逗”,toss是“扔,抛”。因为空格前是“eat it or”,那么空格需要填的内容必然与“eat it”相对应,而整篇文章都在讨论消费者对所购买的食品的处理,所以答案明显是D,人们只能决定把食物吃了还是扔了,其它三个动词都不适用。
4. 【答案】B
【解析】decide on是“决定,选定”,rely on是“依靠,信赖”,comment on是“评论,发表意见”,press on是“使感到负担沉重,使紧迫,使窘迫”。这句话要表达的意思是:“要决定是吃还是扔的时候,人们依靠包装上印的保质期等”,所以选B。括号里出现的a. k. a. 的全称是also known as,即“又名,亦称”。
5. 【答案】C
【解析】propose是“提议,建议”,prolong是“延长”,guarantee是“保证,担保,确保”,guard是“守卫,保卫,保护”。能和food safety搭配的只有guarantee和guard,而这句话的主语是these dates,就是上文所提到的食品包装上标记的保质期等日期,these dates不能和guard搭配,因为dates无法采取保护措施,于是答案是C。这句话的意思是:“但是这些日期不能真正确保食品安全。”
6. 【答案】A
【解析】expired是“过期的”,exposed是“暴露的,易受攻击的,打开的”,exhausted是“用完的,耗尽的”,exotic是“外(国)来的,外国产的”。前面提到食品上标记的日期,此处选与日期有关的形容词,所以选A。
7. 【答案】D
【解析】四个选项中,只有shelf能和life组成固定搭配,shelf life是“(包装食品的)货架期,保存期限”,正好符合文章的意思,因为整篇文章都在讨论食品的保存,所以答案是D。
8. 【答案】B
【解析】contain是“包含,容纳,控制”,consume是“消耗,吃完,喝完”,contaminate是“弄脏,污染,玷污”,continue是“继续”。这里“They”是指上文的“poultry,seafood,and ground meats”,这句话要表达的意思是那些食品应该在两天内如何处理,B是唯一合适的选择。
9. 【答案】A
【解析】purchase是“购买”,production是“生产”,process是“过程”,provision是“供应,提供”。本文的主题是消费者如何对待食品,production和provision这两个动作都不是消费者发出的,所以选择A。这句话的意思是:“如果放人冰箱冷藏,它们应该在购买后两天内吃完。”
10. 【答案】C
【解析】onto是“了解…的情况”,next to是“紧靠…旁边”,up to是“一直到,达到,接近于”,about to是“刚要,行将”。空格后是“six months”,四个选项中能与时间搭配的是up to,所以选C。
11. 【答案】D
【解析】portion是“一部分,一份”,porch是“门廊”,port是“港口”,pork是“猪肉”。在这里出现了一个并列结构,steak,beef,待选项与other fresh-cut meats是并列的,所以选择一种肉类即可,D是合适的选项。
12. 【答案】D
【解析】engrave是“雕刻”,brand是“打烙印于,加商标于”,carve是“雕刻,刻”,stamp是“在…上盖印,盖上(字样)等”。根据常识判断,日期是印在奶制品包装上的,所以选D。
13. 【答案】B
【解析】appearance是“出现,显露,外观”,freshness是“新鲜”,weight是“重量”,taste是“味道”。这句话的意思是:“大部分日期不一定是根据食品是否变质、腐败而定的”,破折号前的空格和后面的spoilage(变质、腐败)是相对的,因此选择B。
14. 【答案】A
【解析】sell-by date是“最迟销售日期”,而其他三种表达与句子意思不符,因此答案是A。
15. 【答案】D
【解析】throw in是“把…扔进”,throw up是“放弃,辞去,呕吐”,throw over是“抛弃,遗弃”,一般是指断绝(与某人的)恋爱关系,throw out是“抛出,扔掉(无用物)”。四个选项中与eggs搭配最合适的是throw out,所以选D。
16. 【答案】D
【解析】 crash是“哗啦一声砸碎”,creep是“爬行”,crisp是“使鬈,使起皱纹”,crack是 “使裂开。使破裂”。空格后的one指代egg,英语中打鸡蛋的表达法是crack an egg所以选择D。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】四个选项都有副词away,pass away是“停止,消逝,去世”,run away是“跑开,逃走”,go away是“走开,离去,逃走”,这三个都是固定的动词短语,而fry away不是固定的搭配,away是“继续不断地”,这句话的“指代egg,能与之搭配的是fry away,因此答案是C。这句话的意思是:“如果它闻起来、看上去都没问题,就把它煎了。”
18. 【答案】B
【解析】每1万个鸡蛋中大约有一个有沙门氏菌,这里介词应该用in,所以选B。
19. 【答案】B
【解析】promote是“促进,增进”,kill是“杀死”,grow是“种,使生长”,freeze是“使冻结,把…冻死”。这句话的意思是:“把鸡蛋烧透能…沙门氏菌”,根据常识,选kills,B是正确答案。
20. 【答案】A
【解析】unpeeled是“未剥皮(或剥壳)的”,unprepared是“没有准备好的”,untouched是“未触摸过的,未受损伤的’,unstripped是“未剥的,未被剥夺的”。英语中剥鸡蛋是peel an egg,相应地,没有剥壳的鸡蛋是an unpeeled egg,所以选A。
Text 5
1. 【答案】C
【解析】performance是“工作,表现”,achievement是“成就,成绩”,behavior是“行为,举止,表现”,progress是“进步,进展”。这句话里values,attitudes和待选项属于并列关系,三者共同构成文化,需要在四个选项中选择一个与价值观、态度对应,很明显,behavior(行为)是最佳答案,因此选C。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】managerial是“管理方面的,经营上的”,manageable是“可管理的,易处理的”,measurable是“可测量的,重要的”,measuring是“测量用的”。从这句话的结构(communication is communication…)可以看出,整句话是对一种communication的定义,那么,只要看句子后半部分的提示就能猜测出正确选项。后半句中针对这一空格的关键词是 management,这是一种与管理有关的交流,于是直接排除C、D选项,再考虑A、B与communication的搭配,最后选择A。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】context是“(人、事、物存在于其中的)各种有关情况,来龙去脉,背景,环境”,contest是“竞赛,比赛”,contrast是“对比,对照”,contract是“合同,契约”。比较四个选项的意思,context是最合适的选项,因此选A。这句话的意思是:“管理方面的交流是处于管理背景下的交流。”
4. 【答案】B
【解析】deserved是“该受的,应得的,理所当然的”,desired是“渴望的,想得到的”,derived是“派生的,导出的”,distinguished是“卓越的,杰出的”。能与result搭配的是deserved和desired,这句话中,to achieve. . . 这个不定式表目的,强调的是一种愿望、目的,所以选B。
5. 【答案】D
【解析】relative是“亲戚”,representative是“代表”,subjective是“主观”,objective是“目的,目标”。答案显然是D,这句话的意思是:“如果你在不同的文化中工作,你可能需要重新考虑交流的目标。”
6. 【答案】B
【解析】visibility是“可见性,明显性,可见度”,viability是“可能性”,variability是“可变性”,validity是“正当,正确(性),效力”。首先排除A和C,这两个都不能和communication搭配,另外,交流没有正确与否,于是排除validity,剩下B是正确答案。
7. 【答案】B
【解析】soul是“灵魂,心灵”,goal是“目的,目标”,glory是“荣誉,光荣”,game是“比赛,游戏”。短文第一段最后一句话提到人们在不同的文化中工作要重新考虑交流的目的并估计其可能性,第二段就此展开讨论,第一句话承上启下,这句话中的realistic和上句viability相对,空格里要选择与上句。objective相对应的单词,所以选B。
8. 【答案】B
【解析】work at是“从事于,致力于”,get at是“触及,抓住,接近,着手处理”,look at是“看,看待”,jump at是“跃向,急切地接受,欣然应承”。这句话中的what might be realistic相当于上一句中的a realistic goal,get at是最合适的搭配,因此选B。
9. 【答案】D
【解析】analyze是及物动词,因此可以判断analyze后面是一个宾语从句,四个选项中只有what能够引导宾语从句,所以答案是D。
10. 【答案】A
【解析】tend to是“往往会,倾向于”,intend to是“打算,计划”,extend to是“延伸到”,contend to不是固定搭配,contend是“争夺,竞争”。这句话说有的文化的人相信人类自己能控制事情的结果,这应该是一种普遍现象,一种倾向性,所以选A。
11. 【答案】C
【解析】individual是“个人的,个别的”,inward是“内部的,体内的,内心的,向里边的”,internal是“内在的,本性的,主观的,个人的”,inner是“内部的,内心的,精神的,心灵的”。如果只看词义,似乎比较难选择,但我们只要看看下一句话,问题就迎刃而解了。这两句话说的是不同文化的人们不同的信仰,无论从句子结构,还是用词,这两句话都对得很工整,因此我们靠对应关系就能确定答案,和external相反的是internal,因此选择C。
12. 【答案】D
【解析】unprecedented是“无前例的,绝无仅有的”,unexpected是“意外的,突如其来的”,preoccupied是“全神贯注的,入神的”,predetermined是“预先决定的,预先确定的”。需要填的内容和后面的uncontrollable应该是并列的,从这个角度考虑,D是最佳选项,意思是人们相信事情是预先决定的,人们无法控制。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】concern是“涉及,有关于”,construct是“建造,构筑”,constitute是“组成,构成,形成”,consist是“组成,构成”,后面要加of,所以这里只能选constitute,答案是C。这句话的意思是:“在一种文化中构成适宜的时间范围的在另一种文化中可能无法实现。”
14. 【答案】A
【解析】concept是“概念,观念,思想”,conclusion是“结束,结论”,context是“背景,环境”,contribution是“捐献,贡献”。conclusion和contribution明显不符合题意,而concept和context这两个词中能与后面的of time搭配的只有concept,因此答案是A。这句话的意思是:“这完全取决于文化当中的时间观念。”
15. 【答案】B
【解析】present是“现在的”,precise是“精确的,确切的”,precious是“宝贵的,贵重的”,perilous是“(充满)危险的,濒临毁灭的”。因为要填的答案与前面的exact用and相连,两者是并列的,所以这里选择exact(精确的,准确的)的近义词precise,答案是B。
16. 【答案】A
relaxed是“从容的,宽松的”,reduced是“减少的,缩短的”,related是“有关的,相关的”,released是“释放的”。四个选项中能和attitudes搭配的有relaxed和related,接着再联系上下文,上文提到在有的文化里面时间表是很精确的,而这句话写的是其他文化里不同的时间概念,应该是和上文所说的精确的时间表相对的,relaxed正好与E文的exact和precise相对,所以选A。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】melt是“融化,溶解”,multiply是“增加,繁殖,增殖”,move是“(工作等)进展,发展,移动”,mount是“增加,增长,上升”。四个选项中能和projects搭配的是move,因此答案是C。这句话的意思是:“项目可能进展更加缓慢。”
18. 【答案】B
【解析】executor是“执行者,实施者”,executive是“管理人员,经理”,officer是“军官,官员,公务员”,official是“官员,行政人员,高级职员”。这篇文章是讲跨文化交际在商业中的运用,因此选择executive,答案是B。
19. 【答案】A
【解析】surprisingly是“使人惊奇地,出人意外地”,surprisedly是“惊奇地,诧异地”,accordingly是“相应地,因此,于是”,similarly是“相似地,相仿地”。前面那句话说:“人们在下午一点开始到场。”这句话的大概意思是最后一个人下午2点到的时候,其他人责怪他迟到了。自己迟到了,还怪别人迟到,这种做法有点出人意料,因此选surprisingly,答案是A。
20. 【答案】B
【解析】showoff是“展览,陈列,炫耀,卖弄”,show up是“来到,出席,露面”,show around是“带领…参观(某地)”,show through是“暴露,显露”。根据句子意思选择show up,和前半句的arrive是同一个意思,因此答案是B。
Text 6
1. 【答案】A
【解析】range是“一系列”,rank是“排,行,列”,region是“地区,地带”,return是“返回,送回”。原文的意思是九个城市的出租车司机说他们发现了顾客的其他东西,region和return可以排除,rank是指排成一行或一列的东西,比如说a rank of great pines(一排挺拔的松树),用在这里也不合适,所以答案是A。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】claim是“认领,索取”,find是“找到,发现”,leave是“丢下,遗忘”,declare是“申报(纳税品、房地产、收益等)”。从文章第一句话可以看出,主题是有关顾客遗忘在出租车上的物品,那么这里选leave的过去式left,C是正确答案。
3. 【答案】C
【解析】空格后的limb是指“肢,臂,腿”,四个选项中能和它搭配的只有artificial,artificial limb的意思是“假肢”,所以答案是C。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】上面一句话说出租车司机发现顾客遗忘的东西有竖琴,奶瓶,假牙和假肢,这句话说一个司机在车里找到了一个婴儿,前面提到的都是无生命的东西,把这些东西丢在车上还情有可原,有的人居然能把活生生的孩子也忘在车上,确实让人难以置信,两句话在意思上是递进的关系,所以选择A。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】handmade是“手工的,手制的”,handheld是“掌上的”,handcrafted是“手工的,手工艺的”,handbound是“手工装订的”。四个选项中能和computer搭配的是handheld,所以答案是B。
6. 【答案】D
【解析】把四个选项分别填入空格,就会发现year和time明显不正确,因为空格后是of 2004,应该是2004年的某段时间,如果填part,表示的时间段又不明确,所以只能选D,the second half of 2004意思是2004年下半年。
7. 【答案】C
【解析】逗号后是从句,没有缺失的句子成分,所以不是定语从句,排除which和what,空格前是年份,所以选C。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】carryout是“实行,执行,进行”,workout是“想出,解决,理解”,find out是“找出,发现,查明(真相)”,figure out是“计算出,想出,理解”。四个选项中只有carry out能和从句里的主语research搭配,所以选A。
9. 【答案】B
【解析】replace是“替换,代替”,return是“归还,回报”,recommend是“推荐,介绍”,recreate是“再创作,消遣,娱乐”。因为这篇文章讨论的是在出租车上遗忘物品及物品的归还,所以选择B。
10. 【答案】D
【解析】find one way是一个固定短语,意思是“设法到达,努力达到”,所以答案是D。 这句话的意思是:“他们说,每五部手机中有四部,每20台电脑中有19台物归原主。”
11. 【答案】C
【解析】careful是“小心的,仔细的”,caretaking是“照管,看管”,careless是“粗心的,疏忽的”,careladen是“忧心忡忡的”。根据文章的主题,这里选择C。
12. 【答案】B
【解析】前半句的意思是:“伦敦人对笔记本电脑似乎比别人更加粗心”,后半句是说:“丹麦人最容易忘记拿手机”,前后半句是并列的关系,所以选表示转折的连词while,B是正确答案。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】fall behind是“落在后面”,stay behind是“依旧落在后面”,leave behind是“不带,忘了带,遗留”,drop behind是“落在…的后面”。根据上下文,应该选left behind,所以选C。
14. 【答案】A
【解析】如果这道题没有看仔细,可能会在car和taxi间犹豫,但因为空格前有back,这两个选项都可以排除,backseat是“(汽车、会场等的)后座”,backbench是“(尤指英国下院的)后座议员席,普通议员席”。很明显,这里应该选A。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】consequence是“后果”,fruit是“成果”,findings是“调查(或研究)的结果”,conclusion是“结论”。因为文中只列出了调查的一些结果,并没有提到有什么结论,所以答案选C。
16. 【答案】A
【解析】四个选项都可以表示“全部的”,但只有total能和number搭配,意思是总数,因此选A。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】turn in是“交还,上交”,turn on是“开,开始”,turnout是“原来是,(最后)证明是”,turnoff是“关,解雇”。turn on和turnoff明显可以排除,turn in后面要直接加宾语,而这个空格后没有,答案是C,这句话的意思是:“一位顾客结果是演员休?格兰特的女朋友。”
18. 【答案】D
【解析】profile是“传略,人物简介,轮廓,外形”,pulse是“脉搏,意向,心态”,preface是“序言,前言”,purse是“钱包,女用小包”。待选项应该和iPod music player,mobile phone构成并列,显然答案是purse,因此选D。
19. 【答案】A
【解析】deliver是“投递,送交”,designate是“指明,指定,称呼”,dedicate是“以…奉献,把(自己、一生等)献给”,direct是“给…指路,使向某一方向转动”。空格后的动词的宾语是items,即Hugh Grant的女友落在出租车上的东西,根据词义判断应该选A。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】automobile是“汽车”,authority是“权威,威信”,autograph是“亲笔签名”,autobiography是“自传”。authority可以立即排除;根据常识排除automobile,剩下的两个选项中,autograph更加合适,因为我们并不知道Hugh Grant是否写了自传,而名人送亲笔签名是很正常的,因此C是正确答案。
Text 7
1. 【答案】B
【解析】receive是“收到,得到,对(建议、想法或消息)作出反应,回应”,received作为形容词,意思是“被普遍接受的,公认的”,但它只能用在名词前,accept是“(认为正确而加以)接受”,acknowledge是“承认,报偿”,admit是“承认,赞同”。根据词义,这里选B,这句话的意思是:“对成人来说,喝酒是合法的,在美国文化里被广泛接受。”
2. 【答案】C
【解析】accountable是“负有责任的,应作解释的,可解释的”,achievable是“可完成的,做得成的”,accessible是“可(或易)使用的,可(或易)得到的”,agreeable是“令人愉快的,惬意的”。如果这道题在选择时有一定难度,看看后面那句话就知道该怎么选了。后面那句话说:“很多孩子在自己的家里就能拿到酒。”也就是说,酒是很容易得到的,所以这里选C。
3. 【答案】A
【解析】teenager是“(13―19岁的)青少年”,grown-up是“成年人”,children是“小孩,儿童”,adult是“成年人”。根据上下文,这里填“成年人”显然不合适,A、C两个选项中,A更加合适,因为这句话后面提到了aroundagel3,而13岁正好是teenagers的起始年龄。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】predominantly是“占主导地位地,占优势地,普遍地”,preferentially是“优先地,优待地”,previously是“先前,以前”,precisely是“精确地,精密地,严格地”。根据句子的意思,这里应该选previously,这是就目前的情况和以前做比较,所以答案是C。
5. 【答案】A
【解析】occasion是“时刻,场合,重大(或特殊)活动,盛会”,event是“发生的事情,事件,大事,社交场合”,situation是“情况,处境,形势,局面”,gathering是“集会,聚会”,空格前的介词是on,只有occasion能与其搭配,因此答案是A。
6. 【答案】B
【解析】which和whom是关系代词,引导定语从句,前面要有先行词,而空格前没有先行词,所以首先排除,作为指示代词,these和those在用法上的区别是those后面可以加上who引导的定语从句,修饰those,意思是“…的人们”,但these没有这种用法,所以选B,among those 21andolder其实是“amongthosewhoare21andolder”的省略形式。
7. 【答案】C
【解析】pear是“梨”,peel是“剥,削”,peer是“同龄人,同辈”,pool是“水池,游泳池”。从句子的意思可以判断这里选peer,因此答案是C。这句话的意思是:“年轻人开始喝酒几乎总是出于同龄人的压力。”
8. 【答案】B
【解析】improve是“改善,改进”,include是“包括,包含,把…算入”,inspire是“鼓舞,激发”,instruct是“教导,指示”。空格所填单词应该和accepted是并列的,所以选B。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】beer是“啤酒”,whisky是“威士忌酒”,beverage是“饮料”,wine是“葡萄酒,酒”。除了beverage,其它三个选项都是酒的种类,前面不能用alcoholic修饰,所以答案是C。
10. 【答案】A
【解析】alone是“单独地,孤独地”,along是“纵长地,平行地,向前”,aloud是“出声地,大声地”,aloof是“在(眼力能及的)距离上,游离在外,冷漠超然地”。从这句话的结构可以看出,这句话所列的是一系列调查结果,即年轻人在什么情况下喝酒,所以这里选A。
11. 【答案】A
【解析】bored是“感到厌烦的,感到无聊的”,boring是“令人厌烦的,乏味的,无聊的”,excited是“激动的,兴奋的”,exciting是“刺激的,使人激动的”。第二段第一句话说年轻人开始喝酒几乎总是出于同龄人的压力,他们在心情不好的时候喝酒,所以选择A。
12. 【答案】B
【解析】low是“不高兴的,情绪低落的”,high是“高兴的,兴奋的”,cool是“冷静的,沉着的”,warm是“暖和的,温暖的”。low和cool可以首先排除,再看前面的几种情况都是与情绪有关的,所以选择B。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】从空格的位置和前后词语可以判断,空格里要填的是一个形容词,它和serious共同修饰problem,那么,death和deadening(“减弱,消音,消音材料”)这两个名词都可以排除,而dead与problem不能搭配,所以正确答案是deadly,意思是“致命的,‘极有害的”,选D。
14. 【答案】C
【解析】campus前面的固定介词是on,所以答案是C。
15. 【答案】A
【解析】alcohol是“酒精,酒”,alcoholic是“酒精中毒病人,嗜酒者”,alcoholism是“酗酒,酒精中毒”,alcoholization是“醇化”。空格要填的名词作为study(研究)的定语,根据上下文应该选alcohol,这是一个关于大学生饮酒的研究,答案是A。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】endeavor是“努力,尽力,竭力做到”,后面加不定式,engage能和in搭配,表示“从事,参与”,insist后面可以加on或者upon,意思是“坚持,一定要”,practise不能跟in构成短语。binge drinking是指“狂饮作乐”,根据这几个动词的用法判断,只有engage能和in搭配,因此B是正确答案。
17. 【答案】D
【解析】consequent是“作为结果的,随之发生的”,subsequent是“后来的,随后的”,incident是“容易发生的,伴随而来的”,frequent是“经常的,时常发生的”。四个选项中能和后面的binge drinkers搭配的只有frequent,意思是“经常狂饮作乐的人”,因此选D。
18. 【答案】C
【解析】possible是“可能的,有可能做到的”,lively是“充满活力的,活泼的”,likely是“可能的,有倾向的”,feasible是“可行的,合理的”。lively和feasible可首先排除,possible最常用的结构是It is possible (for sb. ) to do sth. ,而这句话的主语是frequent college drinkers,所以选C。
19. 【答案】D
【解析】这个空格后面的四个并列成份是对前面problems的展开说明,举了四个例子,所以答案是D。
20. 【答案】C
【解析】unperceived是“未被察觉的,未被注意到的”,unplaced是“未得到安置的”,unplanned是“未经筹划的,无计划的”,undiscovered是“未被发现(或发觉)的”。首先排除unplaced,A、D选项意思相近,都是干扰选项,因此答案是C。
Text 8
1. 【答案】D
【解析】此题句意为:信用卡能够自动地给其拥有者提供信用贷款。因此选credit“信用贷款”,而不是mortgage“抵押贷款”,也不是acknowledgement“承认、致谢”或loan“贷款”。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】此句意为:信用卡能够给其拥有者提供信用贷款,所以选available“能够得到/获得的”,其他不合文意。profitable意为“有利可图的;有益的”;homogeneous意为“同种类的;有相同特征的”;instantaneous意为“瞬间的;即刻的”。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】许多信用卡可以被自动read“识读”,其他不合文意。issued意为“发行”;taken意为“拿取”;used意为“使用”。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】此题考查make it possible to do的用法,其他不符合语法结构。
5. 【答案】D
【解析】与withdraw“取钱”相对的词为deposit“存钱”,其他不合文意。lodge意为“投宿;寄宿”,如:lodge at a friend’s house寄宿在一个朋友家;secure意为“获得;防护”;input意为“输入”。
6. 【答案】C
【解析】信用卡的使用已经使美国变成了一个“无现金”的社会,这种“无现金”的社会并非on the horizon“在遥远的未来、即将出现”,其他不合文意。On the air意为“在播送/广播中”;in the distance指空间,意为“在远方/处”;before long意为“不久”。
7. 【答案】A
【解析】两句之间有并列对比关系,因此选while,意为“在……的同时”。其他不合逻辑。
8. 【答案】D
【解析】与conveniences“便利”相并列的选择为advantages“好处”,其他不合文意。drawbacks意为“缺点”;handicaps意为“身体或智力方面的障碍”;rewards意为“奖赏”。
9. 【答案】B
【解析】现金出纳机cash register可以up“把款项记人出纳机”,其他不合文意。Bring up意为“教育、培养”;show up意为“使呈现;出席”;mark up意为“使……满是记号”。
10. 【答案】A
【解析】此句意为:现金出纳机可以做各种记载,因此选range“范围”,指属于同一类的各种不同事物的范围。其他不合文意。area意为“地区、领域”,如:in the area of language语言领域;field意为“领域”,与area同义;scope意为“活动或某科目的范围”,如:the scope of a book一本书涉及的范围。
11. 【答案】C
【解析】此句意为:出纳机提供的信息可以使商人了解货品情况。keep track of意为“记录;掌握……的线索;留心……的进程”,其他不符合搭配。
12. 【答案】D
【解析】表示手段后接动名词时,通常用by。with和through常接名词,例如:1)eat with a spoon用勺子吃饭。2)I got the book through the library.我通过图书馆弄到这本书。in表示手段,常用作in pencil/French“用铅笔/法语”。
13. 【答案】D
【解析】根据后置定语reorder or return goods“再定货或退货”,确定答案为decisions“决定”,make decisions意为“做决定”。其他不合文意。resolutions意为“决议”;determinations意为“坚定的决心”;requirements意为“要求”。
14. 【答案】B
【解析】此题句意为:电脑可以记录最忙的营业时间,复数形式hours意为“工作/营业时间”,如:office hours营业时间;school/visiting hours上学/探视时间。其他不合文意。ages,复数形式,意为“很久”,如:Haven’t seen you for ages.好久不见;times,复数形式,意为“年代”,如:ancient times古代;eras意为“时代;纪元”,如:the era of space太空时代。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】此题句意为:电脑提供的记录可以使人员任务安排做相应调整,accordingly“相应地”,其他不合文意。respectively意为“各自地”;rationally意为“有理性地”;justifiably意为“有理地”。
16. 【答案】A
【解析】题句意为:电脑可以帮助确定嘉宾客户参加促销活动,因此选identify“确定”,其他不合文意。recognize意为“认出”;distinguish意为“辨别;区别”;discriminate意为“有差别地对待”。
17. 【答案】D
题句意为:厂家也依赖电脑是因为类似的原因。similar意为“相同的;类似的”,其他不合文意。comparative意为“对比的”,如:a comparative study对比研究;dissimilar意为“不同的”;compatible意为“兼容的;和谐的”。
18. 【答案】A
【解析】 instock意为“备有;有库存”;inorder意为“井然有序的”;instore(for)意为“储备着”;in cash意为“用现金”。
19. 【答案】D
【解析】on hand意为“现有的、可得到的”;at hand意为“在手边/附近”;by hand意为“手工地”;underhand意为“私下;有人照管”。D最符合文意。
20. 【答案】 A
【解析】这里是对主语的举例,需要表示公司机构的词,所以选utilities,意为“公用事业公司”。Gas and electric utilities意为“天然气和电气公司”。其他不合文意。appliances意为“家用电器”;apparatus意为“一套仪器设备”;equipment意为“设备”。
Text 9
1. 【答案】B
【解析】 inhibit意为“阻止,抑制”,后面可直接跟名词或动名词,如:Thirst inhibits the desire to eat.口渴妨碍食欲。而prevent,keep虽也意为“阻止”,但常用结构为prevent/keep sb.from doing sth.因此这里inhibit为最佳选项。
2. 【答案】A
【解析】symptom意为“症状,病症”,在文中的意思是“害羞的症状就是……”。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】fail to do sth.不能做某事,句意为:害羞的人不能在与别人交谈时与别人进行眼神交流。因此,B项最合逻辑。
4. 【答案】C
【解析】or表示一种选择关系,根据上句...can be as minor as. . .,“可能微小到……”,又根据后面的...as major as...,“能大到……”,由此可知应是一种选择关系,因此用or。
5. 【答案】A
【解析】preoccupied意为“心事重重的;关注于……的”,此句意为:害羞的人趋于对他们自己过分关注
6. 【答案】C
【解析】因为前面提出一个观点,害羞的人往往过分关注自己,这里便举例证明这个观点,因此C项为最佳选项。
7. 【答案】C
【解析】注意前面出现的cues,这个词意为“(言词、行为之)暗示,提示”。因为后面一句是用来解释说明cues的,因此应选What he is saying and doing.他在说什么话和做着什么动作。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】根据前面提出的观点,应知此句意为:害羞的人过分担心自己在他人眼中是什么样的,他们为自己的形象忧心重重。因此,选用worries最合文意。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】此句意为:正因为害羞的人过分关注他人对自己的看法,往往会错过别人的话语和小动作。根据文意,miss最合文意。
10. 【答案】D
【解析】前面提到,害羞的人是趋于关注“自己”的,因此,此处应选用themselves。
11. 【答案】B
【解析】根据后一句,害羞的人的社交能力往往比他们自己想的要强,与前文谈害羞的人的缺点相比,可知这里有一个转折语气,nevertheless可引起转折语气,相当于but。
12. 【答案】C
【解析】此句意为:害羞的人有着比他们所想象的要强的社交能力。
13. 【答案】A
【解析】这里需要的是一个引导时间状语从句的词,句意为:当Cheek博士摄下害羞的人与他人谈话的情景时。
14. 【答案】C
根据逻辑,选择stranger,与陌生人谈话为最佳选项。
15. 【答案】D
【解析】in the eyes of sb.意为“在某人看来”;in the name of sb.意为“以某人的名义”。根据上下文,选用eyes最合逻辑。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】obvious意为“可看出来的,显而易见的”;oblivious意为“”忘却”;obscure意为“模糊的”;oblique意为“间接的,斜的”。
17. 【答案】C
【解析】根据上下文,此句意为:研究者问了别人对害羞者行为的评价后,又问他们自己觉得自己表现怎么样。因此选用how最合适。
18. 【答案】D
【解析】根据前文,害羞者总是觉得自己表现不好,因此选用worst,句意为:害羞的人是对他们自己评论最差的人。
19. 【答案】C
【解析】in general意为“总体上来说”;in particular意为“具体而言”;in contrast意为“相比而言”;in comparison意为“比较地说”。
20. 【答案】B
【解析】negatively意为“否定地,消极地”;positively意为“肯定地”;subjectively意为“主观地”;objectively意为“客观地”。此题句意为:害羞的人趋于对自已有否定的评价。应选B项。
Text 10
1.【答案】C
【解析】recall意为“想起”,指把忘记的东西又想起来,其动作含有有意识的努力和意志,常与Call,could等词连用。例如:I是remember her face but I cannot recall where I met her.我认得她的脸,但我记不起在哪里见过她。根据上下文,此处需要填与前面的remember意思相近的动词,意为:成年人很少能想起一些事。故选项C正确。figure意为“计算,描述,估计,相像”,例如:Can you figure (out) why he did it? 你能明白他为什么做这吗?interpret意为“解释,说明”,例如:It is difficult to interpret these statistics without knowing how they were obtained.不知道这些数据的来源,就很难解释。affirm通常为再度或回答某一问题时“断言,肯定”,例如:He affirmed that he was telling the truth.他保证自己说的是事实。
2.【答案】D
【解析】just as意为“就像”,例如:Things turned out just as I expected.根据上下文的意思:成年人与小孩子一样都不记得童年的事。故选项D正确。now that意为“既然”,常用于完成时态,例如:She is enjoying the job more now that she’s got more responsibility.既然她承担了更多的责任,她就更喜欢这份工作。Even if意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句,例如:Even if you take a taxi,you’ll still miss your train.as though/if意为“似乎,好像”,例如:They stared at me as if I was crazy.
3.【答案】B
【解析】rarely否定副词,意为“很少”,与主句中seldom(很少)前后照应。largely意为“主要地”,例如:The accident was largely due to his carelessness.事故主要是由于他的疏忽造成的。merely意为“仅仅”,例如:He is not merely a good artist,but a great one.really意为“真正地”。本题句意为:成年人很少想起比入学前一年左右更早的事情,就像三四岁以前的孩子很少能记得任何具体的个人经历。
4.【答案】C
【解析】propose sth./doing;propose that(should)表示“提出意见”,例如:I propose a short rest before we continue the work.我提议继续干活之前先休息一会儿。根据文章意思:心理学家提出了这种解释,故选项C正确。refute意为“反驳,驳斥”,例如:We refuted his claim that the world was flat.我们反驳了他的“世界是平坦的”主张。defy意为“公然违抗,蔑视”,例如:How long can those criminals continue to defy the law! witness意为“目击,作证”,例如:He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.他亲眼看见他进了这个房间。本题句意为:心理学家已经为这种“儿童失忆症”提出了各种各样的解释。
5.【答案】A
【解析】 be responsible for意为“有责任的,成为……的原因”,例如:The pilot of an airliner is responsible for the safety of the passengers.再如:Mechanical defects were responsible for.the accident.医疗失误是事故发生的原因。根据上下文的意思和结构,此句意指大脑中的一个负责记忆的区域,作为hippocampus的同位语,故选项A项正确。(be)suitable(to/for)意为“合适的”;favorable意为“满意的,有利的”,例如:We can sail there in an hour if the wind is favorable to us.如果风向对的话,我们一小时之内就可以到达那里。available意为“可用的,有空的”,例如:It’s vital that food is made available to the famine area.闹饥荒的地区有食物可吃是至关重要的。本题句意为:有心理学家认为,大脑中的海马,即形成记忆的大脑区,直到大约两岁时才成熟。
6.【答案】D
【解析】maintain意为“坚持认为,维持”,例如:He maintained that he was innocent.= He maintained his innocence.再如:We should maintain friendly relations with neighboring countries.我们需与邻国保持睦邻友好关系。根据上下文,前一句讲有人认为儿童失忆症是因为人脑中的海马区不成熟,此句讲别的理论有什么看法,故选项D正确。decline意为“婉拒,衰落”,例如:I offered him a lift to his house,but he declined with thanks.再如:The party’s popularity/has declined in the opinion polls.assess意为“评估”,例如:They assessed the cost of the flood damage at $50,000.再如:Examinations are not the only means of assessing someone’s ability.考试并不是评估一个人能力的唯一途径。estimate意为“估计,评价”,例如:It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been damaged.
7.【答案】C
【解析】 access名词,意为“接近,人口”;动词,意为“存取(计算机类用语)”,例如:The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy access to the required information.再如:Branch officials can access the central databank.此处需一个动词与memory搭配,故选项C正确。reflect意为“反映,深思熟虑”,例如:His unhappy face reflected his inner despair.再如:The manager demanded time to reflect on what to do.经理要来给予时间让他考虑该干什么。attain意为“获得”,有较强的抱负和渴望的意味,如:attain one’s goal/independence.acquire尤指通过努力“获得养成习惯、嗜好等”,如:acquire a habit,acquire a little Spanish学会了一点西班牙语。本题句意为:但最流行的理论坚持认为:由于成年人不像儿童那样思考,所以他们不能存取童年的记忆。
8.【答案】A
【解析】 narrative意为“叙事”,常指按顺序讲述,例如:She gave a narrative of her strange experience.根据下文one event follows another,是按顺序来讲述,故选项A符合题意。forecasts意为“预报,预料”,如:a weather forecast天气预报;communications意为“交流,通讯设施(复数)”;description意为“记述,叙述,描写”,常指用语言来描述,例如:Please give me a brief/full description of the accident.
9.【答案】B
【解析】one...another常指两个以上,为固定搭配,故选项B正确。the rest意为“剩余的”;the other意为“两个人中的另一个”;others意为“另外的人/物”。本题句意为:成年人用语言思考。他们生活的记忆就像故事或叙事――一件紧接着另一件事,就像小说中或电影中讲述的那样。
10.【答案】D
【解析】files文件夹,此处指大脑中的记忆库。deposit意为“沉淀物,押金”,例如:There are rich deposits of gold in those hills。dream意为“设想”;flash意为“闪光”,现也用于计算机类语言,如:flash memory(闪存),例如:Last week,Intel Corp,said it had developed a way to double the storage capacity of so-called flash memory chips.英特尔公司上周称已开发出使所谓闪存芯片的存储量翻倍的方法。
11.【答案】B
【解析】pattern意为“模式,方式”,例如:The pattern of family life has been changing over recent years.最近几年家庭生活的模式已经发生了变化。根据原句意思,找不到适合描述童年的模式,故选项B正确。mode意为“模型”;frame意为“框架”;formula意为“公式,惯例”,例如:a formula for settling a border dispute.本题句意为:但是当他们通过大脑文件库(即记忆)寻找早期的童年记忆来进一步说明他们的生活故事时,他们没有找到适合这种模式的任何记忆。
12【答案】C
【解析】offer explanation for意为“为……提出解释”,儿童失忆症并不是一个假设,而是一个事实。上文提到针对其成因有许多种explanations,所以C项正确。emphasis意为“强调”,常与介词On搭配;assertion意为“断言”,例如:make an assertion that...断言,坚称;assumption意为“假设”,例如:I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow.我还曾想,你明天会来。本题句意为:现在美国纽约州立大学的心理学家Annette Simms针对“儿童失忆症”提出了一种新的解释。
13.【答案】A
【解析】根据上下文的意思,根本不存在童年记忆可供回想才是Simms博士的看法。
14.【答案】D
【解析】experience意为“(不可数名词)经验;(可数名词)经历”,此处需要一个由personal修饰的名词,所以D项正确。instincts意为“本能”;feelings意为“情感”;sensations意为“感觉”。
15.【答案】A
【解析】impressions意为“印象”,与前面第14题的experiences(经历)前后照应,故选项A正确。beliefs意为“信念”;minds意为“头脑,想法”;insights意为“洞察力,深刻见解等”,例如:She has a woman’s quick insight into character.本题句意为:根据Simms博士的看法,儿童必须学会利用别人对其个人经历的口头描述,从而把他们自己的、短期的、迅速遗忘的印象转变成长期记忆。
16.【答案】C
【解析】in other words意为“换句话说”,根据上下文,前一句谈及儿童必须学会利用别人对其经历的口头描述,下一句谈到儿童必须谈论其个人经历,并听他人谈论这些经历,后者是对前面句子的解释,故选项C正确。senses:in all senses意为“从各方面”,in one/a sense意为“从某种意义上说”;case:in some cases意为“在有些情况下”,in this/that case意为“在这样(那样)的情况下”;aspects意为“方面”,如:to consider a problem in all aspects.从各方面考虑问题。
17.【答案】D
【解析】根据上下文意思,可知此处需要一个代词来指代前面的experiences,其他选项均不符合题意。
18.【答案】D
【解析】 spend( time) doings出表示“(花多少时间)做某事”,此处需要过去分词修饰the afternoon一词,只有D项符合句意及结构。take表示此意的用法应为It takes/took sb some time to do sth花某人时间做某事;utilize意为“利用”,如:utilize solar energy利用大阳能;apply意为“应用,申请”,例如:Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial production methods.科学发现经常被应用在工业生产工艺上。本题句意为:换句话说,孩子们必须谈论他们的个人经历,并且听其他人谈论这些经历――母亲谈论下午在沙滩找贝壳或父亲询问他们白天在海洋公园玩得怎么样。
19.【答案】B
【解析】verbal意为“口头的”,与前文的spoken description,talk,ask等词相照应,故选项B正确。habitual意为“习惯性的”;unique意为“独一无二的”;particular意为“特别的”,如:a matter of particular importance.特别重要的问题。
20.【答案】A
【解析】 permanent意为“永久的,长期不变的”,例如:permanent brain damage永久性脑损伤;此句指经过。
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