rigorous a.严格的，严厉的，严酷的(气候条件)

riot n.暴(骚)乱;(色彩等)极度丰富vi.聚众闹事

rip v.猛撕开;扯开;被撕开;裂开

scandal n.丑事，丑闻;流言蜚语;反感，愤慨

scramble vi.(快速地)爬，攀登;互相争夺，争先

siege n.包围，围攻，围困

sip v.小口地喝，抿，呷 n.一小口的量

sceptical/skeptical a.怀疑的

skim vt.撇去(液体表面)之漂浮物 vi.轻轻掠过

skip vi.略过，跳过 n.跳跃 vt.故意忽略;略过

texture n.(织物)质地;(材料)构造;结构;肌理

transcend vt. 超出，超越(理性等)的范围

abolish 彻底废除(法律、制度、习俗等)abolish old custo

prime 首要的，主要的 a matter of ～ importance

foul a.令人不快的;恶臭的;邪恶的 v.弄脏 n.(体育等)犯规

fridge n.(refrigerator的略语)冰箱

radiant a.(面容、目光)洋溢着幸福的，明亮照耀的

rap vt.急敲;突然厉声说出;训斥n.急敲(声)

thermal 热的，由热造成的 ～burns

thirst 渴，口渴 The heat creates a ～ in me like I‘ve never had before

trail 痕迹，足迹 a ～ of destruction left by the violence

tramp 步行，跋涉 He loves ～ing over the hills

transfer 转移，调动 the company has transferred to an eastern location

fringe n.边缘;(窗帘)缘饰;额前垂发 vt.饰…的边

fume n.(usu pl.)(浓烈或难闻的)烟，气，汽

blur n.模糊不清的事物 vt.使模糊，使看不清楚

browse vi.随意翻阅，浏览;(牛、羊等)吃草

primitive 原始的，上古的，早期的 a ～ forest

prior 在先的，在前的 Stop making public statements without their ～ approval here

privilege 特权，优惠，特免 In countries where there are still not many schools， education is a ～

probe 探索，探查，调查 ～ the roots of war

absolute 纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.

verge 边，边缘，边沿 the ～ of a stream

verify 证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicions

vertical 垂直的，立式的 a ～ engine

veto 否决，否决权，否决权的行使 The rest of the committee could not accept the ～

accustom 使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising (to rise) early

acquaint 使认识，使了解