并列平行结构

【难句】1. In each case the pattern is the same: young people adopt a new form of entertainment, older people are spooked by its unfamiliarity and condemn it, but eventually the young grow up and the new medium becomes accepted—at which point another example appears and the cycle begins again. (The Economist Jun. 18, 2006)

【结构分析】 以but为切入点，得到并列结构“…，…，but…and…”即young people…, older people…, but eventually the young…and…其中第二个并列结构older people are spooked by its unfamiliarity and condemn it中又由连词and并列两个谓语。句末使用了介词提前的定语从句，其中which指代上文的一整句the new medium becomes accepted，与at一起作从句的时间状语，其中从句中又由and并列两个分句another example appears和 the cycle begins again。

【参考译文】 上述每一个实例都有着相同的模式：年轻人接受了一种新的娱乐形式，年长的人因陌生而受惊，于是对其批评指责。最终，年轻人长大成人，于是新媒体被社会承认——此时，另一种娱乐形式出现，循环模式再次开始。

【难句】2. If you are a person, as I am, who is perfectly delighted for the thick people to go happily about their thick people’s business, but who also believes in elites—not only believes in them, but thinks they ought to be cherished, that the Today programme and Newsnight, as it were, are more worthy of our licence fee than thick people’s television, regardless of audience figures—then the whole subject becomes complicated. (The Sunday Times Nov. 4, 2007)

【结构分析】 本句主干为then the whole subject becomes complicated。句首部分为if引导的条件状语从句，其中包含两个并列平行的定语从句，分别为who is perfectly delighted for…以及but who also believes in…在第二个定语从句中，破折号之间的部分为对它的补充说明，这里又出现了not only…but…表现的并列平行结构，but引导的第二个并列分句中，谓语动词thinks后有they ought to be cherished及that…两个并列的宾语从句，还包含一处比较级。

【参考译文】 假如你是像我一样的人，为普通人快乐地追求普通人自己的生活而高兴，但也相信精英——不仅相信他们，而且也认为他们应该受到珍视，甚至认为不管收视率如何，“今日”节目和“晚间新闻”在某种程度上比普通人看的电视节目更有花钱收看的价值——那么整件事就变得复杂了。

【难句】3. Call me incredulous but I find that very difficult to believe, which means we are back to the wrongheaded kind of political correctness that mulishly refuses to identify excellence in some children and in doing so damages them and robs them of any chance to better themselves or feel any pride in their achievements—all in the name of head teachers’ “ideology”. (The Sunday Times Nov. 4, 2007)

【结构分析】 以连词but为切入点，主句由两个并列分句构成。第一个分句Call me incredulous是祈使句，第二个并列分句中包含一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句which means…，关系代词which在从句中作主语。在此从句中，又包含一个定语从句that mulishly refuses to identify excellence in some children and in doing so damages them and robs them of any chance to better themselves or feel any pride in their achievements修饰先行词the wrongheaded kind of political correctness。去掉枝叶，我们看到that从句中，谓语动词refuses，damages和robs由and并列。句末破折号后是对前文的补充说明。

【参考译文】 你可以说我多疑，但我还是觉得难以让人相信，这意味着我们返回到政治正确性的错误判断类别：固执地拒绝承认某些孩子的优秀品质，这样做的结果伤害了他们，剥夺了他们提升自己、或为自己取得的成绩感到骄傲的机会——所有这一切就是校长们所谓的“思想观念”。