2013考研英语辅导非谓语动词用法比较(3)
三、不定式、动名词作宾语的区别
这类动词用不定式作宾语往往指具体的或一次性的行为,而动词的-ing形式则指概括性、经常性的动作或体验。这类动词常用的有:
like, begin, hate, start, propose, continue, prefer, love等。如:
I like reading/to read China Daily. 我喜欢读中国日报。
Let‘s continue playing/to play the game. 咱们继续玩游戏吧
1.跟不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可,但意义相差很大的动词
这类动词常用的有:
try, regret, forget, remember, can‘t help, mean, go on等。如:
(1)try: try to do sth.尽力做难做的事;try doing sth.试着做某一件可能会出现某一结果的事。
He tried to stand up but failed. 他试图站起来,但没成功。
Let‘s try telling him about the sad news. 咱们试着把这个不幸的消息告诉他。
(2)regret: regret to do sth. 对马上要做的事表示遗憾;regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔。
I really regret missing/having missed his lecture. 我没能听他的讲座真感到遗憾。
I regret to tell you that I cannot come. 真遗憾,告诉你我不能来了。
(3)can‘t help: can’t help doing sth.禁不住;can‘t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干…
I couldn‘t help shaking with so few clothes on. 穿这么少的衣服我禁不住打起哆嗦。
I can‘t help to clean the place up.我不能帮助打扫这里了。
(4)mean: mean to do sth. 想做;mean doing sth.意味着。如:
Wasting time means killing life. 浪费时光就意味着浪费生命。
Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命意味着解放生产力。
(5)forget: forget doing/ having done/to have done sth…… 忘了已做过的事;forget to do sth.忘记将要做的事。如:
I forgot telling him about the news. 我忘了曾把那件事告诉过他。
Don‘t forget to wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning. 别忘了明天早晨6点叫醒我。
(6)go on: go on doing sth.继续干未干完的事(强调动作的持续);go on to do sth.继续干是一件事(强调事情的转接)
The old man went on doing his work after a short rest. 那位老人稍作休息便又干起手中的活。
The old man went on to play another song. 这个老人接着弹奏另一首曲子。
(7)remember: remember doing/having done/ to have done sth. 指记着做过的事;remember to do sth.记着要做事。如:
Please remember to come on time. 请记着按时来。
I still remember being taken to the Science Museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次被带到博物馆的情景。
(8)stop: stop to do sth. 停下正在做的动作去做另一动作;stop doing停止做动名词所表示的动作。如:
We stopped (in order /so as) to have a rest. 他停下来休息了一会。
Don‘t stop trying once again. 不要停止,再试一次。
(9)动词want, need, require, deserve作“需要”解时后接不定式被动式或动名词的主动式。这时动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如:
Your paper needs checking/to be checked again. 你的试卷需要再检查一遍。
2.有些动词后可用“疑问词+不定式”结构作复合宾语,意义上相当于一个宾语从句。使用这类结构时,不定式前不能再加引出的逻辑主语;不定式的动作在时间概念上必须后于前面的动词,否则就应用宾语从句。动名词无这种用法。能跟这类复合宾语的常见动词有:know, see, deicde, tell, ask, advise, consider, discover, explain, guess, hear, learn, think, observe, wonder, understand等。
Hearing the sad news, she didn‘t know what to do. 听到这则悲伤的消息,她不知如何做。
I couldn‘t decide whether to work another year or change my job. 我不能决定是在这里再干一年还是换一个工作。
3.当不定式、动名词作宾语,后面还有宾语补足语时,一般采用it作形式宾语,而把不定式或动名词放在补足语之后。如:
He thought it an honour to have been invited to dinner. 被邀来参加晚宴我感觉是一种荣耀。
I feel it my duty to help out anyone in trouble. 帮助有困难的人是一种责任。
4.动名词常作介词宾语,而不定式作but, except等少数介词的宾语,但“疑问词+不定式”短语可作许多介词的宾语。如:
I am looking forward to meeting you again. 我正期盼着与你见面。
I had nothing to do but stay home for another year, waiting for a chance. 我没法只好在家里又呆了一年,等着机会的到来。
We are talking about whom to choose as head of the team. 我们正讨论该选谁。
5.当谓语动词是进行时态、主语是物而不是人或后接感觉性动词时,动词start, begin后多用不定式作宾语。如:
I am starting to work on my essay next week. 我下周开始专攻我的论文。
The rain began to pour. 雨开始瓢泼般下了起来。
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