基本结构：

TO：

FROM：

SUBJECT：

DATE：（month day，year）

正文

签名

模拟题及范文：

Directions：

You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.

Date： August 10，2005

To： All students

From： Li Ming

4.3 摘要写作（Abstract）

This article focuses on the …。

This thesis discuss/analyzes…。

This paper provides an overview of …

This paper presents up-to-date information on …

1、简单概括

2、描写画面内容，两句话描写一幅图。

3、点明中心：重点又是新起点。

This is a very interesting and though-provoking picture.1 as is vividly depicted in the picture ，the goal keeper thought he was too small for the gate and was afraid that he could not keep the ball from entering the gate. But what the player， who was ready to shoot， thought about the goal keeper could not help us thinking the truth of the picture it conveys. In his eyes， the goal keeper was so strong that he had almost covered the whole gate. And little did he have the chance to win.2 obviously， the two players looked at the same thing in a different angle.3 （in different angles）

简单概括

描写画面内容，每幅图分开描述，并递进关系。

点明中心，从不同视角看待同一问题。

2. 现象简介

Today ， advertisements is mounting numbers are appearing on the TV screen . 1 they are not only shown before and after all kinds of programs —— news， weather forecasts and quiz shows， etc. —— but even interrupt dramas and movies ，2 and annoy the viewers.3

1、概括介绍

2、细节介绍：怎么个多法儿——是节目前后和中间都有

3、带来的后果就是激怒观众。

3.寓意象征

What a vivid and accrate picture it is when describing the meaning of love in the dark. 1 As is shown in the picture ，the love is just like the light in the picture ，which seems insignificant in the sun ，but it certainly shines brighter in the dark.2 in other words ，the darker the place is ，the more precious the light will be.3 love is somewhat the same. It surely means much moer to the man who is in great difficulty than to the one who is in comforts.4

简要评价

对画面的简单描述。（结合love对画面进行分析）

寓意说明，符合题目要求

结论：灯光在越微弱的地方越明亮，爱心在越需要的地方越有价值

Species‘extinction in America. Facing the figures， we can only admit that America’s population growth has had undesirable effect on its wildlife and will still pose a formidable threat to its wildlife resources if sufficient care is not given.3

※1、总括介绍了图画内容（运用对比，强调后者）

※2、特别好的过渡方式：不是描述胜过描述

※3、结论：如果不足以重视，结果不堪设想

4、原因分析

（As far as I am concerned， there are several reasons accounting for the phenomenon.）1 First and foremost， the reasons for this phenomenon are that TV is the most efficient and rapid way of dissemination（传播）information.2 As China develops its highly competitive market economy， manufacturers and sales people（salespersons）need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that are available.3 Furthermore， TV stations use the money that they earn from showing the advertisements to produce more programs. Last but not least， it is necessary to keep consumers informed of the range of （the）products that they may choose from.（原文的过渡出现在下一段）

※1、阐述中心，或者引导本段。

※2、例举原因

※3、对已经提出原因的拓展

However， the tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease， 1 According to the given figures， the tobacco production in 1994 was 14.364 billion pounds while in 1995 it reduced to 14.2 billion pounds. This is mainly because 2 more and more people have become aware of the harm of smoking to human brings.Many of them resist the addiction to tobacco and advise people around not to smoke. Furthermore， governments of many countries realizing the serious effects of tobacco have taken effective measures to call on people to give up smoking. So I believe a healthy tomorrow of less tobacco will be achieved through efforts of every person.3

※1、阐述中心

※2、列举原因，this 作过渡词

※3、如果减少吸烟人群，可能产生的结果（注意命题的积极倾向，展望未来式很合命题者口味）

5、利弊分析

In the country， on the other hand， one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food， and a more relaxed（relaxing）life style. Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country. I and， as for recreation， what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery？ 2 However， there are disadvantages of living in either the city or the country.3 City air tends to be polluted， and the streets are always crowded and noisy. In the country， on the other hand， the lack of stimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.4

※1、列举乡村居住的优势

※2、对优势的拓展说明

※3、过渡说明：劣势开始

※4、列举无论城乡居住皆有劣势

6、举例说明

It seems reasonable when people laugh at the cartoon， but it would no longer be laughable when people find similar things taking place in our daily life.1 Recently there is a trend of making promises in various fields of our society. From departments of government to common shopping centers， many businesses who supple products of offer services have made various promises to their customers or service receivers.2 They assert their products to be of good quality or promise to offer excellent service.3 As a matter of fact， many of these businesses claim in the same way that（比较）the hen in the above cartoon promises to lay eggs.4

※1、过渡：第一段说到可笑，下面就谈不可笑——连接

※2、例子：商场、政府的承诺行为

※3、拓展：深化承诺行为的细节

※4、结论：同母鸡下蛋的承诺一样虚无没有价值

※表示性质，代替adj.=of +n.（小作文高分必杀）

e.g. helpful=of any help assistant=of any assistance good=of any good harmful=of any harm

The following examples will support this point.1 In schools， a unit-exam not only declares the end of the former unit， but also acts as a reminder of the preview work for the next unit. In the business field， what a CEO needs to do at the end of a year is more than review and summarize （review and summarizing）。 It is the time to formulate and effective and efficient development plan for next year.2 Just turn back to the sports ground.（句号结束）although in front of the end there isn‘t a real start——arrowhead， there surely exists an invisible one sprouting（appearing）in every athlete’s mind， blooming（being）the training strategy of the preparation for next competition.3

※1、承上启下

※2、举例论证

※3、举例的同时说明结论：终点又是新起点，正是这种心态成为下次比赛成功的技巧或策略。

7、判断评论

It is clear that promise is what you claim you can do or you will do， not what you really are or you are expected to be.1 Generally speaking， it is good and sometimes necessary to make commitment to people， but promising what you must or should do can be considered a kind of cheating.2 What the cartoon really aims at is not the funny picture itself but to criticize this popular phenomenon existing in our society.3

※1、既点名了本段主题：谈承诺，又是一个定义，起承上启下作用。

※2、自己的建议。

※3、再次强调“承诺”这一社会现象。

8、问题建议

Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts， but also by people in all walks（职业、行业） of life.1 The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus， it‘s high time that parents， educators and the government made concerted（共同努力的，同心协力的，conert得来）efforts to put an end to this situation.2（家长，老师和政府应该怎么做）

※1、引出本段主题，儿童教育的现状，用婉转的方式表达。

※2、本段结论：三方行动

In our life， what we need most is self-insurance and a proper view of challenges before us. 1 Therefore， we should bear in mind that our competitors may not be as terrible（frightening）as expected， and our painstaking efforts will pay off as long as we arm ourselves with courage and confidence.2 Only in this way can we overcome any difficulties and challenges.3

※1、从自己角度提出意见

※2、具体行动的方法

※3、only 表示强调，以及建议的价值。

9、个人选择

All in all， I would say that living in the city is best（better），1 for the convenience the city offers in terms of education and work（job opportunities）；2 after all， one can always spend vacations in the country——and get the best of both.3

※1、选择结果

※2、选择原因

※3、总结

As for me， I have always led a regular life.1 By everyday exercises， I build up a strong body，2 and by reading intensively I learn to acquire a proper attitude toward life.3

※1、个人选择或实践

※2、选择带来的好的后果

※3、拓展

10、现实运用

As we all know， children are the future of our country， Their healthy growth has therefore become a serious concern among many people.1 It should be made clear that too much care is not love. The real love and care for them are to prepare them for the future. When faced with difficulties， they can summon up the courage and exert their strength to overcome the difficulties. When faced with fierce competition， they can employ their knowledge， skills and experience to confront with their rival.2 This is the younger generation we can expect.3

※1、价值体现：孩子关乎祖国的未来。

※2、启示：重要的原因

※3、寄予希望

2007年范文写作

首段：图画描述：

This is a series of interesting and thought-provoking pictures. A goalkeeper， who is trying hard to keep the ball from the goal， sees himself as a dwarf. What‘s funnier is that the football-player， preparing to kick the ball， regards the goalkeeper as huge as the goal. The meaning conveyed by the picture is clear but profound. Both of them lack courage and confidence in front of challenges.

中间段：寓意象征+举例说明

The majority of people would agree that everyone may feel challenged when a powerful rival appears in his/her mind. What divides them into successes and losers is their attitude towards confidence.（We can easily find the equivalent of the topic discussed here in our surroundings.）We， undergraduates girding ourselves for the NETEM（the Examination for postgraduate candidates），provide a good illustration. Some of us feel depressed when thinking that they are not able to prepare well， so they even give up the chance of participating in the examination. In fact， the exam is not as difficult as they suppose， and a little more courage and confidence will motivate them to achieve the final successs.

尾段：建议+展望

Accordingly， it is the time that we placed great emphasis on building up our confidence. What we should bear in mind is that no one can overcome difficulties without confidence.（In other words， We should be honest about the challenges we face.） only in this wa we can se a right goal. challenge it ，and achieve it.

Tips：

1.稳重下体的部分是精彩的语言，即文章的高分点，希望同学们学习。

2.文中有下划线的部分是范文的错误，希望大家思考，然后改正，避免自己在写作时犯这样的错误。

3.再次强调，希望大家不要背范文，学习精彩的句式表达，背会，通过多练习掌握这些句型。