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考研英语复习指导:英语听力数字表达类基本要求

考研英语  时间: 2019-03-08 16:53:03  作者: 匿名 
语言是什么?

语言首先是一种交流的工具。人们在日常生活中,主要通过四种方式来实现这种交流功能,即:听,说,读,写。据专家统计,听和说在人们的交际中所占的比率最大,分别为45%和38%.听和说是语言活动中最重要的功能,然而它们也恰恰是我国英语教学中最难解决的方面。听是吸收,是输入;说是释放,是输出。只有听的清楚,听的明白,才能说的标准,说的流畅;而也只有说的流畅,说的自然,才能听的明白,听的自如。听和说是相互联系,相辅相成的。为了很好的体现英语听说技能不分家的特点,更是为了达到考研大纲对考生的这种互动能力的考查要求,我们结合考研大纲听力部分的考查特点及重点,并通过典型试题分析,以及多年的实际听力教学经验,特提供以下几种日常交际中的重要语言功能交流例句,希望能给广大考生带来帮助。

  一、数字表达类(Numbers)

研究生入学考试听力试题中第一部分为填充表格,其中很大一部分是根据所听内容填写诸如数字、时间和地点等具体信息。而数字、时间等信息正是中国考生最不容易听清楚的。下面我们将数字、时间等英语语言信息的日常表达方法介绍给大家:

1.英语中纯数字的表达方法

小数和分数:

0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen

1/2one half

1/3one /a third

3/4three fourths

7’2/5seven and two fifths

大于100的数字:

101one hundred (and ) one

200two hundred

998nine hundred ( and ) ninety’eight

在英语中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美国英语中却往往省去。请分析下面的对话:

A:How many people are presnt in the party last night?

B: That‘s nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.

A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?

B: Ha, ha…… surely I am joking. You silly goose.

大于1000的数字:

1001a/one thousand (and) one

2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirty’two

900,732,266,043

nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty’two million two hundred sixty’six thousand and forty three

英语中一千以上数字的表达方法是以三位数为单元,从高到低billion,million,thousand而依次读出的。因此我们在听时,可以三位数三位数地记录。试比较下面的对话:

A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?

B:One billion four hundred thirty’two million two hundred sixty’six thousand and forty three.

A:Thank you very much.

2.英语中时间的表达方法

英语中时间的表达方法主要有直接法和借用介词法等。

(1)直接法。

上午八点eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]

下午九点nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]

六点六分six six

六点三十二six thirty two

八点正eight o’clock

(2)借用介词法。

八点四十五a quarter to nine

七点零五分five past seven

七点五十四six to eight

六点半half past six

(3)表示正点的用法。

十一点正at 11 o’clock sharp

at 11 o’clock on the hour

at 11 o’clock on the strike

正午12点at noon

午夜12点at midnight

(注:12点22分可读作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式说法);twenty-two after twelve(美式说法)

1点15可读作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式说法):a quarter after one(美英说法)

8点50分可读作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式说法);ten before nine(美式说法)

1点40分可读作:one forty; twenty to two(英式说法);twenty before two(美式说法)

“提前半小时”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等来表示。)

时间表示法和时段的简单运算是听力考试的热点,请看下面的对话:

W: How long does the class usually last?

M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So……

W: That is forty’five minutes. Thank you very much!

Q: When does the class usually start?

3.英语中货币的表达方法

英国货币:penny(便士)/pence (penny的复数),pound (£)

£20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以简单地写作:twenty fifty

美国货币:

1美元钞票a S|1.00 bill

1 dollar=100 cents

(S|1.00=one dollar)

(S|2.00=two dollars)

25美分1 quarter

10美分1 dime

5美元1 nickel

1美分1 penny

S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.

(注:表示正常价格: regular price, normal price.

表示价格划算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.

表示价格较贵:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.

表示价格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.

表示减价出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.

词组:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)

4.英语中关于数字及其计算的听力考点

(1)数字辨别:

有关数字辨别的一个关键考点就是类似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的听音,看大家能否听出其发音区别。听力理解中难以分辨的基数词主要有以下几对:

thirteen与thirty; fourteen与forty; fifteen与fifty; sixteen与sixty; seventeen与seventy;eighteen与eighty; nineteen与ninety,在英文中这几对数词叫做teens and tens(十几与几十)。

不管加减还是乘除,这类题中至少会出现两个数字,你的任务就是迅速地判断这两者的关系,然后根据听音再确定正确选项。

(2)加减法计算:

在需要简单的加减法计算的题型中,对话中至少出现两个数字,它们之间的关系往往用“多少”、“迟早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容词、副词或介词短语等来表达。还要注意一些能够表示数的存在或引起数的变化的动词,这些动词也能确定数字之间的加减关系,例如:

be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。

大家还应该记住下面这些表示加减关系的词:

more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(减去),minus(减去)

Dialogue 1:

M: This black bag is 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.

W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.

Q: How much are two red bags?

A.S|4.00   B.S|6.00

C.S|8.00   D.S|12.00

这道题从选择项上来看非常简单,因为数字不大,所以乍一看选择项有可能放松警惕,而实际上,这道貌似简单的题,中间却暗含着陷阱。因为原文中提到black、blue、red三个颜色的bag,最后提问的是红色书包的价格,包含了一个加法和乘法运算。如果大家在听的时候没记好,又没有做好笔记,就很容易出错。因此,在听力答题中要保持一个清醒的头脑,稳扎稳打是成功的重要保证。

Dialogue 2:

W: Three hours ago, I saw Bob at a meeting. Is he home yet?

M: No. He said he would be back at four and it’s six already.

Question: What time did the woman see Bob?

A??2∶00  B??3∶00  C??5∶00  D??6∶00

在这个例子中,见到Bob的具体时间必须依据现在的时间推断出。现在时间是6点钟,而说话人是在三小时之前见到Bob的,因而那时的时间约是3点钟。正确的选项是B.

Dialogue 3:

M:Which coat did you finally decide to buy?

W: Well, I would like to buy the green one, but it was S|85.00, so I bought the pink one instead, and save S|35.00.

Question: How much did the woman pay for the coat?

A’60  B??75  C??90  D??50

原对话中并未直接给出说话人所购买的衣服的价钱,但可以通过其他信息推算出来。灰色衣服是85元,而买棕色的可以节省35元,即棕色的衣服是50元。应选D.

Dialogue 4:

W.How many people showed up for the meeting yesterday, thirty?

M:Twenty-five are expected to come, but the number was double that.

Question: What’s the actual number of people who attended the meeting?

A’20  B’35  C’35  D’50

此题中的运算关系由double一词体现出来,即双倍的。原来预计有25人到场,实际上是原先的两倍,因而正确的选项是D.

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