2.3.2 现象简介
 
 四句：第一句是对相关现状的概括介绍，第二三句进一步细节介绍，最后一句点明主题，可能带来的后果。
 
 现象简介段常用首尾句：
 
 A：首句(开门见山说现象)
 
 It is really common that .。。介绍现象(有图说图，没图说事)
 
 It is not uncommon that.。。介绍现象(有图说图，没图说事)
 
 The drawing reflects the common phenomenon of…名词性现象描述
 
 Recently，there has been a growing concern among the public over the issue/phenomenon that…介绍现象(有图说图，没图说事)(Today/Nowadays)
 
 Lately，the discussion of…(现象)has aroused nationwide attention among the public。
 
 B;尾句
 
 The meaning conveyed by the phenomenon is clear but profound ：揭示中心…(revealed/implied)
 
 The profound implication of the phenomenon is that…揭示中心
 
 Therefore，it is obvious that…揭示中心
 
 Obviously…揭示中心
 
 2.3.3 寓意象征
 
 四句：第一句对画面的简要评价，第二三句对画面简单描述，第四句得出结论，揭示主题。
 
 如果出现在第二段就在第二三句进行拓展。
 
 寓意象征段常用首尾句
 
 A：首句
 
 As can be seen form the picture，the drawer tells us that…说出画面的寓意(cartoon/photo)
 
 What the picture illustrates is a profound topic in our daily life which often causes our concern…说出画面的寓意
 
 It is not a difficult job for us to make clear the meaning of the picture…说出寓意
 
 B;尾句
 
 Therefore，…说出深层寓意(广泛的)
 
 The majority of people would agree that…你的结论。
 
 2.3.4 原因分析
 
 四到六句：第一句阐述中心说明有多种原因，第二三句列举原因(并列的原因，注意连接)，第四局本段结论(强调已列举的原因及产生的结果——过渡作用)。
 
 原因分析段框架示例：
 
 There are a variety of reasons for the phenomenon. For one thing…举一个原因。For
 
 Another,…另一个原因。(as a result,…结论。)
 
 Why does this phenomenon appear?I think there are several possible reasons for this。
 
 First and formost,…举一个原因：furthermore,…另一个原因：last but not least,…最
 
 后一个原因。
 
 其他首句还有：
 
 I have three reason for my conclusion//predicition/assumption。
 
 To the best of my knowledge，the following reasons may contribute to this phenomenon。
 
 As far as I am concerned，several reasons can be identified。
 
 其他列举原因还可用：
 
 The main reson for the phenomenon is that…举一个最重要典型的原因：another major reason is due to…另一个原因(注意用名词性短语结构)
 
 In the first place，…Secondly，…Finally，…
 
 The first reason is…,and the second one is…
 
 Not only because…，but also because…
 
 2.3.5 利弊分析
 
 一定有利有弊
 
 六句：第一句总结说有利有弊(一定不要用Every coin has two sides。俗!)：第二三句写优势以及拓展推导：第四五句写劣势以及拓展推导：第六句写利弊相当或利大于弊或弊大于利。
 
 利弊分析段框架示例
 
 We can easily recognize the both sides of the phenomenon.The advantages can be concluded as follows.To begin with，…第一个优势：moreover，…第二个优势：However，there are also
 
 drawbacks to the phenomenon.For one thing,…第一个劣势：for another，…第二个劣势。
 
 It is not a difficult job to be aware of the attractions and the shortcomings of the phenomenon。
 
 On the one hand，…列举优点。On the other hand，…列举缺点。
 
 其他可用的过渡方式：
 
 For all the advantages mentioned above，…讨论主题 is by to no means without any limitations，as listed below.For one thing，…劣势一，for another，劣势二。
 
 For my part，I maintain that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。
 
 In spite of the situation of…讨论主题，its weaknesses are insignificant compared with its
 
 Strengths。
 
 2.3.6 举例说明
 
 注意切题(油灯)
 
 六句：第一句说明中心与现实的关系，即寓意和例子的关系(过渡)【中心思想和生活的紧密联系】。第二三句一个例子及其相关拓展(例子和其后果)，第四五句又一个例子及其相关扩展，第六句给出本段结论(说明已举例和中心的关系)【***本段第一句和最后一句要相互呼应】
 
 举例说明段框架示例：
 
 As an example of 主题，.。。说出事例。另一事例 also provides us with a good illustration.Obviously，…结论。
 
 It is not hard to find proper examples in our daily life .Firstly,……举例。Besides, ,……再举一例。Therefore，the phenomenon has been so common that we have to take actions to shift the situation。(最后一句用于尾段是提建议时)
 
 When it comes to the phenomenon,……一个例子must be concemed here.It also comes to me that……另一事例。
 
 Take …as an example。
 
 2.3.7判断评论
 
 容易操作，说出自己的看法。好的现象要发扬光大，不好的现象给出改进建议。
 
 三句：第一句给出承上启下的总结(中心强调)，第二句自己观点(注意观点一定要与前面提到的一致，不要再提出任何新的观点或看法)，第三句强调自己观点的合理性(only倒装句的使用)。
 
 判断评论段的首句选择：
 
 To the best of my undertanding，it is advisable that we take a rational attitude towards this issue。(positive、dialectical)
 
 For my part ，I believe that ……说自己看法。
 
 It goes without saying that ……说上文结论。My point of view is that……说自己观点。
 
 
 2.3.8问题建议
 
 相关人士应该做的事。
 
 三句(尾段)：第一句点明存在的问题，第二句给出建议及带来的好的结果，第三段给出本段结论(对自己的解决方案的评价：用only倒装句显示其价值和强调)。
 
 问题建议段框架示例：
 
 For my part，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures。For one thing，……建议一。For another，……建议二。Only in this way can way……建议实施后的结果。
 
 Indeed，上面提到的结论。As far as I am concerned，we should work out concrete solution to problem of ……问题或现状。For instance，建议。Only by doing this can way……建议实施后的结果。
 
 In order to …目标，there are some suggestions available。In the first place ，…建议一。Moreover …建议一。Only in this way can way……建议实施后的结果。
 
 Accordingly ，it is the high time that we placed great emphasis on this phenomenon。(一定用过去时)。